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### Regulations & Standards
- [UN ECE WP.29 (R155/R156) summary](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155)
- [ISO/SAE 21434 overview](https://www.iso.org/standard/70918.html)
- [Cyber Defense Magazine: Future of Automotive Cybersecurity](https://www.cyberdefensemagazine.com/the-future-of-automotive-cybersecurity-safeguarding-the-next-generation-of-mobility/)
# International Automotive Cybersecurity Standards — Regional Table
| Country/Region | Key Standards / Regulations | Regulatory Bodies / Notes |
|------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| **Global** | [ISO/SAE 21434](https://www.iso.org/standard/70918.html) (Cybersecurity Engineering), [UNECE WP.29 R155/R156](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155) | ISO, SAE, UNECE. Adopted by most OEMs worldwide. |
| **United States**| [SAE J3061](https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j3061_201601/), [NHTSA Cybersecurity Best Practices](https://www.nhtsa.gov/technology-innovation/vehicle-cybersecurity), [Auto-ISAC Best Practices](https://www.automotiveisac.com/best-practices/), [NIST 800 Series](https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/sp800) | NHTSA, SAE, Auto-ISAC, NIST. J3061 is a precursor to ISO/SAE 21434. |
| **EU** | [UNECE WP.29 R155/R156](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155), [GDPR](https://gdpr.eu/), [ENISA Guidance](https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/cybersecurity-challenges-in-the-updated-automotive-homologation-regulation) | UNECE, European Commission, ENISA. GDPR covers data privacy. |
| **Japan** | [UNECE WP.29 R155/R156](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155), [JASO TP18004](https://www.jsa.or.jp/en/standardization/standards/list/?std_no=JASO%20TP18004) | JAMA, JASO, MLIT. JASO guidance tailors standards to domestic industry. |
| **China** | [GB/T 38629-2020](https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=1A37265F240A5EBE736D5A1516E27A93), [GB/T 37292-2018](https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=EEF574A39601C6B8F58DAE26DA55F4DC), MIIT, [CCC Cybersecurity](http://www.miit.gov.cn) | MIIT, CCC. GB/T standards required for type approvals. |
| **South Korea** | [UNECE WP.29](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155), KATRI Guidance | KATRI, MOLIT. National docs supplement UNECE. |
| **UK** | [UNECE WP.29](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155), [DCMS Code of Practice](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/code-of-practice-for-consumer-iot-security), [NCSC Guidance](https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/collection/connected-places-guidance) | DVSA, DCMS, NCSC. Dedicated automotive/IoT code post-Brexit. |
| **Australia** | [UNECE WP.29](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155), [ACSC Guidance](https://www.cyber.gov.au/acsc/view-all-content/publications/securing-connected-vehicles) | Dept. of Infrastructure, ACSC. National supplements for cyber and connected fleets. |
| **Germany** | [IT Security Catalogue (BNetzA)](https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/EN/Areas/Energy/Companies/Security_of_supply/IT_Security_Catalogue/IT_Security_Catalogue_node.html), [UNECE WP.29](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155) | BNetzA. Applies IT/OT security standards to automotive and infrastructure sectors. |
| **Switzerland** | [Basel/FINMA Cyber Guidance](https://www.finma.ch/en/documentation/finma-guidance/) | Basel Committee, FINMA. Emphasis on supply chain and digital vehicle resilience. |
---
**Reference Resource Links:**
- [UNECE WP.29 Regulation Summary](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155)
- [ISO/SAE 21434 Standard Overview](https://www.iso.org/standard/70918.html)
- [Auto-ISAC Best Practices](https://www.automotiveisac.com/best-practices/)
- [ENISA Automotive Cybersecurity](https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/cybersecurity-challenges-in-the-updated-automotive-homologation-regulation)
- [China MIIT](http://www.miit.gov.cn)
- [DCMS Consumer IoT Code of Practice](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/code-of-practice-for-consumer-iot-security)
- [Australian Cyber Security Centre Automotive Guidance](https://www.cyber.gov.au/acsc/view-all-content/publications/securing-connected-vehicles)
- [BNetzA IT Security Catalogue](https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/EN/Areas/Energy/Companies/Security_of_supply/IT_Security_Catalogue/IT_Security_Catalogue_node.html)
### New & Emerging Threats