mirror of
https://github.com/cliffe/BreakEscape.git
synced 2026-02-21 11:18:08 +00:00
feat: Update vulnerability_analysis.ink for game narrative - convert to Haxolottle dialogue
This commit is contained in:
Z. Cliffe Schreuders
@@ -1,561 +1,451 @@
|
||||
// Vulnerability Analysis Lab Sheet
|
||||
// Vulnerability Analysis - Game Scenario Version
|
||||
// Based on HacktivityLabSheets: introducing_attacks/8_vulnerability_analysis.md
|
||||
// Author: Z. Cliffe Schreuders, Anatoliy Gorbenko, Tom Shaw
|
||||
// License: CC BY-SA 4.0
|
||||
|
||||
// Global persistent state
|
||||
VAR instructor_rapport = 0
|
||||
VAR vuln_scanning_mastery = 0
|
||||
VAR haxolottle_rapport = 0
|
||||
|
||||
// External variables
|
||||
EXTERNAL player_name
|
||||
|
||||
=== start ===
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Welcome, Agent {player_name}. I'm your instructor for Vulnerability Analysis and Assessment.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Hey {player_name}, need help with vulnerability scanning?
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport = 0
|
||||
~ vuln_scanning_mastery = 0
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport = 0
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Vulnerability assessment is critical for efficiently identifying security weaknesses in systems before attackers find them.
|
||||
Haxolottle: You know, there's two ways to find security holes in systems, little axolotl.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: While penetration testing involves manually researching and exploiting vulnerabilities, vulnerability scanning is an automated approach that quickly surveys systems for known security issues.
|
||||
Haxolottle: You can manually poke around and try to exploit things - that's penetration testing.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: You'll learn to use industry-standard tools like Nmap NSE, Nessus, and Nikto - understanding their strengths, limitations, and when to use each.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Or you can use automated scanners that quickly check for thousands of known vulnerabilities - that's vulnerability assessment.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Remember: these are powerful reconnaissance tools. Use them only on systems you're authorized to assess.
|
||||
|
||||
~ vuln_scanning_mastery += 10
|
||||
Haxolottle: Both have their place. Let me show you the scanning tools.
|
||||
|
||||
-> vuln_scan_hub
|
||||
|
||||
=== vuln_scan_hub ===
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: What aspect of vulnerability assessment would you like to explore?
|
||||
Haxolottle: What would you like to know about?
|
||||
|
||||
+ [What is vulnerability scanning?]
|
||||
-> vuln_scanning_intro
|
||||
+ [Vulnerability scanning vs penetration testing]
|
||||
+ [Scanning vs penetration testing]
|
||||
-> scanning_vs_pentesting
|
||||
+ [Nmap Scripting Engine (NSE)]
|
||||
-> nmap_nse
|
||||
+ [Using Nessus vulnerability scanner]
|
||||
+ [Nessus vulnerability scanner]
|
||||
-> nessus_scanner
|
||||
+ [Web vulnerability scanning with Nikto]
|
||||
+ [Web scanning with Nikto]
|
||||
-> nikto_scanner
|
||||
+ [Limitations of automated tools]
|
||||
-> tool_limitations
|
||||
+ [Show me the commands reference]
|
||||
+ [Show me commands]
|
||||
-> commands_reference
|
||||
+ [Practical challenge tips]
|
||||
-> challenge_tips
|
||||
+ [I'm ready for the lab exercises]
|
||||
-> ready_for_practice
|
||||
+ [That's all for now]
|
||||
+ [I'm good for now]
|
||||
#exit_conversation
|
||||
-> END
|
||||
|
||||
=== vuln_scanning_intro ===
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Vulnerability scanning is an automated approach to identifying security weaknesses in systems.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Vulnerability scanning is the automated way to find security holes, little axolotl.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Scanners typically perform or import network scans like port scans and service identification, then automatically check whether detected services contain known vulnerabilities.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Scanners do port scans, identify what services are running, then check if those services have known vulnerabilities.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: They compare detected service versions against databases of known vulnerabilities - similar to what you did manually using CVE databases.
|
||||
Haxolottle: They compare service versions against big databases of known security issues.
|
||||
|
||||
+ [How do vulnerability scanners work?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Most vulnerability scanners follow a standard process:
|
||||
+ [How do these scanners work?]
|
||||
Haxolottle: It's pretty systematic:
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: First, they conduct or import a port scan to identify running services and their versions.
|
||||
Haxolottle: First, they scan ports to find what services are running and what versions.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Then they compare this information against databases of known vulnerabilities for those specific versions.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Then they compare that info against vulnerability databases.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Many also send probes to confirm vulnerabilities actually exist, not just assume based on version numbers.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Many scanners also send probes to confirm a vulnerability is really there, not just assume based on version.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Some tests are potentially dangerous and might crash services, so most scanners offer a "safe mode" to avoid risky checks.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Some tests can crash services though, so most scanners have a "safe mode" to avoid risky checks.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
+ [Why use automated scanning?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Automated scanning has several advantages:
|
||||
Haxolottle: Lots of reasons:
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: It's fast - scanning hundreds of systems in the time it would take to manually test one.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Speed - you can scan hundreds of systems in the time it takes to manually test one.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: It's comprehensive - checking for thousands of known vulnerabilities systematically.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Coverage - they check for thousands of known vulnerabilities systematically.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: It's repeatable - you can regularly rescan to catch newly introduced vulnerabilities.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Consistency - you can rescan regularly to catch new problems.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: It reduces the risk of human error or overlooking obvious issues.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Less human error - you won't forget to check something obvious.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: However, it also has significant limitations we'll discuss.
|
||||
Haxolottle: But they have big limitations too, which we'll get to.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
- -> vuln_scan_hub
|
||||
|
||||
=== scanning_vs_pentesting ===
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Penetration testing and vulnerability scanning are complementary but distinct approaches.
|
||||
Haxolottle: These are two different approaches to finding security holes, little axolotl.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Penetration testing involves manual research, planning, and actual exploitation of vulnerabilities. It's deeper but slower.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Penetration testing is manual - you research, plan, and actually exploit vulnerabilities. Deeper, but slower.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Vulnerability scanning is automated, faster, and broader but shallower.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Vulnerability scanning is automated - faster and broader, but shallower.
|
||||
|
||||
+ [What are the advantages of penetration testing?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Penetration testing has several key advantages:
|
||||
+ [What's good about penetration testing?]
|
||||
Haxolottle: Penetration testing has some big advantages:
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Very few false positives - if a tester successfully exploits a vulnerability, it's definitely real.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Very few false alarms - if you successfully exploit something, you know it's real.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Testers can chain vulnerabilities together in creative ways automated tools can't imagine.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Humans can chain vulnerabilities together in creative ways scanners can't imagine.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Human intuition can spot logical flaws and business logic vulnerabilities that scanners miss.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Human intuition spots logical flaws and business logic problems that scanners miss completely.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: However, there's always risk that an exploit may cause unintentional damage.
|
||||
Haxolottle: But there's always risk that an exploit might cause accidental damage.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: And even skilled testers might miss something obvious if they're checking things manually.
|
||||
Haxolottle: And even skilled testers might miss obvious things when checking manually.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
+ [What are the advantages of vulnerability scanning?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Vulnerability scanning excels at:
|
||||
+ [What's good about vulnerability scanning?]
|
||||
Haxolottle: Scanning is great for:
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Speed - scanning entire networks in hours instead of days or weeks.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Speed - scan entire networks in hours instead of days or weeks.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Coverage - systematically checking for thousands of known vulnerabilities.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Coverage - systematically check for thousands of known vulnerabilities.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Safety - tests can be configured to avoid dangerous probes that might crash services.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Safety - you can avoid dangerous tests that might crash services.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Consistency - same tests run the same way every time.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Consistency - same tests every time, no variation.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Cost-effectiveness - after initial setup, scanning is cheap to repeat regularly.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Cost - after setup, scanning is cheap to repeat regularly.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
+ [Which approach is better?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: The best security assessments use both!
|
||||
+ [Which is better?]
|
||||
Haxolottle: Use both, little axolotl!
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Start with vulnerability scanning to quickly identify low-hanging fruit and obvious issues.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Start with scanning to quickly find obvious issues.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Then use penetration testing to go deeper, verify critical findings, and test how vulnerabilities can be chained together.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Then use penetration testing to go deeper, verify findings, and chain vulnerabilities together.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Many organizations do frequent vulnerability scans with periodic penetration tests.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Think of scanning as your smoke detector, penetration testing as your fire drill.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Think of scanning as your smoke detector, and penetration testing as your fire drill.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Most orgs do frequent scans with periodic penetration tests.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
- -> vuln_scan_hub
|
||||
|
||||
=== nmap_nse ===
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: The Nmap Scripting Engine (NSE) extends Nmap's capabilities beyond simple port scanning.
|
||||
Haxolottle: The Nmap Scripting Engine - NSE - is what makes Nmap really powerful, little axolotl.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: NSE allows Nmap to be extended with scripts that add service detection, vulnerability checking, and even exploitation capabilities.
|
||||
Haxolottle: NSE extends Nmap with scripts for service detection, vulnerability checking, even exploitation.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Nmap is distributed with hundreds of scripts written in the Lua programming language.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Nmap comes with hundreds of scripts written in Lua.
|
||||
|
||||
+ [How do I use Nmap scripts?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: The simplest way is to use the default script set:
|
||||
+ [How do I use these scripts?]
|
||||
Haxolottle: Simplest way is the default script set:
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: nmap -sC TARGET
|
||||
Haxolottle: nmap -sC TARGET
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: This runs all scripts categorized as "default" - safe, useful, and not overly intrusive.
|
||||
Haxolottle: That runs all "default" scripts - safe, useful, not too intrusive.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: For vulnerability scanning specifically: nmap --script vuln -sV TARGET
|
||||
Haxolottle: For vulnerability scanning specifically: nmap --script vuln -sV TARGET
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: The vuln category includes scripts that check for known vulnerabilities.
|
||||
Haxolottle: The vuln category has scripts that check for known vulnerabilities.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: You can also run specific scripts: nmap --script distcc-cve2004-2687 TARGET
|
||||
Haxolottle: Or run specific scripts: nmap --script distcc-cve2004-2687 TARGET
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
+ [Where are NSE scripts located?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: All NSE scripts are stored in /usr/share/nmap/scripts/
|
||||
+ [Where are these scripts?]
|
||||
Haxolottle: All NSE scripts live in /usr/share/nmap/scripts/
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: You can list them with: ls /usr/share/nmap/scripts/
|
||||
Haxolottle: List them: ls /usr/share/nmap/scripts/
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Each script is a .nse file. Looking at their code shows what they check for.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Each script is a .nse file. Read the code to see what they check.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: For example, distcc-cve2004-2687.nse checks for the specific Distcc vulnerability.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Like distcc-cve2004-2687.nse checks for that specific Distcc vulnerability.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: The scripts are organized by category: auth, broadcast, default, discovery, dos, exploit, fuzzer, intrusive, malware, safe, version, and vuln.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Scripts are organized by category: auth, broadcast, default, discovery, dos, exploit, fuzzer, intrusive, malware, safe, version, and vuln.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
+ [How effective is NSE for vulnerability detection?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: NSE vulnerability detection is useful but limited.
|
||||
+ [How good is NSE for finding vulnerabilities?]
|
||||
Haxolottle: NSE is useful but limited, to be honest.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: The vuln scripts check for specific, well-known vulnerabilities - they're not comprehensive like dedicated vulnerability scanners.
|
||||
Haxolottle: The vuln scripts check for specific, well-known vulnerabilities - not comprehensive like Nessus.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: However, they're very useful for quick checks and are actively maintained by the Nmap community.
|
||||
Haxolottle: But they're great for quick checks and the Nmap community keeps them updated.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Think of NSE as a lightweight vulnerability scanner - good for initial assessment but not a replacement for tools like Nessus.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Think of NSE as a lightweight vuln scanner - good for initial assessment, but not a full replacement.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
- -> vuln_scan_hub
|
||||
|
||||
=== nessus_scanner ===
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Nessus by Tenable is one of the most popular commercial vulnerability scanners in the industry.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Nessus is one of the big commercial vulnerability scanners, little axolotl.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: It uses a client-server architecture with a web interface, and can scan for tens of thousands of vulnerabilities.
|
||||
Haxolottle: It uses a web interface and can scan for tens of thousands of vulnerabilities.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Vulnerability tests are written in NASL (Nessus Attack Scripting Language), and subscribers receive regular updates to vulnerability signatures.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Tests are written in NASL - Nessus Attack Scripting Language - and get updated regularly.
|
||||
|
||||
+ [How do I use Nessus?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Access Nessus through its web interface at https://localhost:8834
|
||||
+ [How do I use it?]
|
||||
Haxolottle: Access the web interface at https://localhost:8834
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Login with the credentials provided (typically nessusadmin)
|
||||
Haxolottle: Login with the credentials you've been given (usually nessusadmin).
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Click "New Scan" and choose a scan template - Basic Network Scan is a good starting point.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Click "New Scan" and pick a template - Basic Network Scan is a good start.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Enter your target IP addresses and click "Launch"
|
||||
Haxolottle: Enter your target IPs and click "Launch".
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Nessus will systematically test the targets and present results categorized by severity: Critical, High, Medium, Low, Info.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Nessus will systematically test everything and show results by severity: Critical, High, Medium, Low, Info.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
+ [What scan templates does Nessus offer?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Nessus offers various scan profiles for different purposes:
|
||||
+ [What scan templates are there?]
|
||||
Haxolottle: Nessus has different scan profiles:
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Basic Network Scan - Good general-purpose scan for network services
|
||||
Haxolottle: Basic Network Scan - general-purpose scan for network services.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Advanced Scan - Allows detailed customization of what to check
|
||||
Haxolottle: Advanced Scan - lets you customize exactly what to check.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Web Application Tests - Focused on web vulnerabilities
|
||||
Haxolottle: Web Application Tests - focused on web vulnerabilities.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Compliance scans - Check systems against security policy standards
|
||||
Haxolottle: Compliance scans - check against security policy standards.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Each template determines which vulnerability checks run and how aggressive the scanning is.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Each template determines which checks run and how aggressive it gets.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
+ [How do I interpret Nessus results?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Nessus presents results with detailed information for each finding:
|
||||
+ [How do I read the results?]
|
||||
Haxolottle: Nessus gives you detailed info for each finding:
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Severity rating (Critical to Info) helps prioritize remediation
|
||||
Haxolottle: Severity rating helps you prioritize - fix Critical and High first.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: CVE identifiers link to official vulnerability databases
|
||||
Haxolottle: CVE identifiers link to official vulnerability databases.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Plugin descriptions explain what was found and why it's a problem
|
||||
Haxolottle: Plugin descriptions explain what was found and why it matters.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Solution sections provide remediation guidance
|
||||
Haxolottle: Solution sections tell you how to fix it.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: References link to additional information and exploit code
|
||||
Haxolottle: References link to more info and exploit code.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: You can export results as HTML, PDF, or XML for reports or import into Metasploit.
|
||||
Haxolottle: You can export as HTML, PDF, or XML - or import into Metasploit.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
+ [What's the difference between Basic and Advanced scans?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Basic scans use default settings optimized for speed and safety.
|
||||
+ [Basic vs Advanced scans?]
|
||||
Haxolottle: Basic scans use defaults - fast and safe.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Advanced scans let you customize:
|
||||
Haxolottle: Advanced scans let you customize everything:
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Which vulnerability checks to run
|
||||
Haxolottle: Which checks to run, whether to do "thorough tests" (slower but deeper).
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Whether to perform "thorough tests" (slower but more comprehensive)
|
||||
Haxolottle: Whether to show potential false alarms.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Whether to show potential false alarms
|
||||
Haxolottle: Advanced scans find more but take longer and have slightly more risk of disruption.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Advanced scans typically find more vulnerabilities but take longer and carry slightly higher risk of disruption.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
- -> vuln_scan_hub
|
||||
|
||||
=== nikto_scanner ===
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Nikto is a command-line web vulnerability scanner focused exclusively on web servers and applications.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Nikto is a web vulnerability scanner - it only does web servers, but it does them well.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: While general scanners like Nmap and Nessus check web servers, Nikto specializes in web-specific vulnerabilities.
|
||||
Haxolottle: While Nmap and Nessus check web servers among other things, Nikto specializes in web-specific issues.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: It scans for over 6,000 web security issues including dangerous CGI scripts, misconfigurations, and known vulnerable software.
|
||||
Haxolottle: It scans for over 6,000 web security problems - CGI scripts, misconfigurations, vulnerable software.
|
||||
|
||||
+ [How do I use Nikto?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Nikto is straightforward to use:
|
||||
+ [How do I use it?]
|
||||
Haxolottle: Pretty straightforward:
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: nikto -host TARGET_IP
|
||||
Haxolottle: nikto -host TARGET_IP
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Nikto will automatically detect web servers on common ports and scan them.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Nikto will auto-detect web servers on common ports and scan them.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: You can also specify a port: nikto -host TARGET_IP -port 8080
|
||||
Haxolottle: Specific port: nikto -host TARGET_IP -port 8080
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Or scan SSL/TLS sites: nikto -host TARGET_IP -ssl
|
||||
Haxolottle: SSL/TLS sites: nikto -host TARGET_IP -ssl
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: The output shows each issue found with references to more information.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Output shows each issue with references to more info.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
+ [What kinds of issues does Nikto detect?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Nikto looks for web-specific vulnerabilities:
|
||||
+ [What does Nikto find?]
|
||||
Haxolottle: Web-specific vulnerabilities:
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Outdated server software with known exploits
|
||||
Haxolottle: Outdated server software with known exploits.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Dangerous default files and directories (admin panels, config files)
|
||||
Haxolottle: Dangerous default files and directories - admin panels, config files.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Server misconfigurations (directory listings, verbose errors)
|
||||
Haxolottle: Server misconfigurations - directory listings, verbose errors.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Known vulnerable web applications and frameworks
|
||||
Haxolottle: Known vulnerable web apps and frameworks.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Interesting HTTP headers that might reveal information
|
||||
Haxolottle: Interesting HTTP headers that reveal too much information.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
+ [How does Nikto compare to Nessus for web scanning?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Nikto and Nessus overlap but have different strengths:
|
||||
+ [Nikto vs Nessus for web scanning?]
|
||||
Haxolottle: They overlap but have different strengths:
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Nikto is specialized - it goes deeper on web-specific issues.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Nikto is specialized - goes deeper on web-specific issues.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Nessus is broader - it checks web servers along with everything else.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Nessus is broader - checks web servers plus everything else.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Nikto is free and open source; Nessus commercial versions are quite expensive.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Nikto is free and open source. Nessus commercial versions are expensive.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: For comprehensive web testing, use both! They often find different issues.
|
||||
Haxolottle: For comprehensive web testing, use both! They find different things.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
- -> vuln_scan_hub
|
||||
|
||||
=== tool_limitations ===
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Understanding the limitations of automated tools is crucial for effective security assessment.
|
||||
Haxolottle: This is important, little axolotl - understanding what these tools CAN'T do.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: No single tool finds everything. Different tools detect different vulnerabilities based on their databases and testing methods.
|
||||
Haxolottle: No single tool finds everything. Different tools catch different vulnerabilities based on their databases and methods.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: All automated tools produce false positives and false negatives.
|
||||
Haxolottle: All automated tools give you false positives and false negatives.
|
||||
|
||||
+ [What are false positives and false negatives?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: False positives are vulnerabilities reported that don't actually exist.
|
||||
+ [What are false positives and negatives?]
|
||||
Haxolottle: False positives are vulnerabilities reported that don't actually exist.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: For example, a scanner might think software is vulnerable based on version number, but a patch was backported.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Like a scanner thinks software is vulnerable based on version, but a patch was backported.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: False negatives are real vulnerabilities that scanners miss completely.
|
||||
Haxolottle: False negatives are real vulnerabilities the scanner completely misses.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: This happens when vulnerabilities aren't in the scanner's database, or tests aren't configured to detect them.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Happens when vulnerabilities aren't in the database, or tests aren't configured right.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Penetration testing helps confirm scanner findings and find what was missed.
|
||||
Haxolottle: That's why you need manual penetration testing to confirm findings and find what was missed.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
+ [Why don't scanners detect all vulnerabilities?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Several factors limit scanner effectiveness:
|
||||
+ [Why don't scanners find everything?]
|
||||
Haxolottle: Several reasons:
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Signature-based detection only finds KNOWN vulnerabilities in their databases.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Signature-based detection only finds KNOWN vulnerabilities in their databases.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Zero-day vulnerabilities (unknown to vendors) won't be detected.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Zero-day vulnerabilities - unknown to vendors - won't be detected.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Configuration issues and logical flaws often can't be detected automatically.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Configuration issues and logical flaws usually can't be detected automatically.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Scanners might not test certain services if they're on non-standard ports.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Scanners might miss services on non-standard ports.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Safe mode settings might skip tests that could confirm vulnerabilities.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Safe mode settings might skip tests that could confirm vulnerabilities.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
+ [How can different scanners miss different things?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Each scanner has different vulnerability databases and detection methods:
|
||||
+ [Why do different scanners miss different things?]
|
||||
Haxolottle: Each scanner has different databases and methods:
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Nmap NSE has a limited set of vulnerability scripts focused on network services.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Nmap NSE has limited vulnerability scripts, focused on network services.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Nessus has an extensive database of checks but might not detect web-specific issues.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Nessus has extensive checks but might miss web-specific issues.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Nikto specializes in web vulnerabilities but doesn't check other services.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Nikto specializes in web but doesn't check other services.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: This is why security professionals run multiple scanners - each catches things others miss.
|
||||
Haxolottle: That's why pros run multiple scanners - each catches what others miss.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Even then, manual testing is essential to find what all the scanners missed!
|
||||
Haxolottle: Even then, manual testing is essential to find what ALL the scanners missed!
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
- -> vuln_scan_hub
|
||||
|
||||
=== commands_reference ===
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Let me provide a comprehensive vulnerability scanning commands reference.
|
||||
Haxolottle: Here's your command reference, little axolotl.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: **Nmap NSE Scanning:**
|
||||
Haxolottle: **Nmap NSE Scanning:**
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Default script scan: nmap -sC TARGET
|
||||
Haxolottle: Default script scan: nmap -sC TARGET
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Vulnerability scripts: nmap --script vuln -sV TARGET
|
||||
Haxolottle: Vulnerability scripts: nmap --script vuln -sV TARGET
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Specific ports: nmap --script vuln -sV -p 1-5000 TARGET
|
||||
Haxolottle: Specific ports: nmap --script vuln -sV -p 1-5000 TARGET
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Specific script: nmap --script distcc-cve2004-2687 TARGET
|
||||
Haxolottle: Specific script: nmap --script distcc-cve2004-2687 TARGET
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: List available scripts: ls /usr/share/nmap/scripts/
|
||||
Haxolottle: List scripts: ls /usr/share/nmap/scripts/
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: View script code: cat /usr/share/nmap/scripts/SCRIPT_NAME.nse
|
||||
Haxolottle: View script code: cat /usr/share/nmap/scripts/SCRIPT_NAME.nse
|
||||
|
||||
+ [Show me Nessus workflow]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: **Nessus Scanning:**
|
||||
Haxolottle: **Nessus Scanning:**
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Access web interface: https://localhost:8834
|
||||
Haxolottle: Web interface: https://localhost:8834
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Login: nessusadmin / nessusadmin01
|
||||
Haxolottle: Login: nessusadmin / nessusadmin01
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: **Workflow:**
|
||||
Haxolottle: **Workflow:**
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: 1. Click "New Scan"
|
||||
Haxolottle: 1. Click "New Scan"
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: 2. Select scan template (Basic Network Scan or Advanced Scan)
|
||||
Haxolottle: 2. Pick template (Basic Network Scan or Advanced Scan)
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: 3. Enter scan name and target IP addresses
|
||||
Haxolottle: 3. Enter scan name and target IPs
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: 4. For Advanced scans, configure: Thorough tests, Show potential false alarms
|
||||
Haxolottle: 4. For Advanced: enable Thorough tests, Show potential false alarms
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: 5. Click "Save" then "Launch"
|
||||
Haxolottle: 5. Click "Save" then "Launch"
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: 6. View results: Click scan name → "Vulnerabilities" tab
|
||||
Haxolottle: 6. View results: Click scan → "Vulnerabilities" tab
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: 7. Export results: "Export" → choose format (HTML, PDF, CSV, XML)
|
||||
Haxolottle: 7. Export: "Export" → pick format (HTML, PDF, CSV, XML)
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 3
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 3
|
||||
|
||||
+ [Show me Nikto commands]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: **Nikto Web Scanning:**
|
||||
Haxolottle: **Nikto Web Scanning:**
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Basic scan: nikto -host TARGET_IP
|
||||
Haxolottle: Basic scan: nikto -host TARGET_IP
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Specific port: nikto -host TARGET_IP -port 8080
|
||||
Haxolottle: Specific port: nikto -host TARGET_IP -port 8080
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: SSL/HTTPS: nikto -host TARGET_IP -ssl
|
||||
Haxolottle: SSL/HTTPS: nikto -host TARGET_IP -ssl
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Multiple ports: nikto -host TARGET_IP -port 80,443,8080
|
||||
Haxolottle: Multiple ports: nikto -host TARGET_IP -port 80,443,8080
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: **Tips:**
|
||||
Haxolottle: **Tips:**
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Output can be verbose - redirect to file: nikto -host TARGET > nikto_results.txt
|
||||
Haxolottle: Output is verbose - redirect to file: nikto -host TARGET > nikto_results.txt
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Check specific paths: nikto -host TARGET -root /admin/
|
||||
Haxolottle: Specific paths: nikto -host TARGET -root /admin/
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 3
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 3
|
||||
|
||||
+ [Show me comparison workflow]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: **Comprehensive Assessment Workflow:**
|
||||
+ [Show me the full workflow]
|
||||
Haxolottle: **Comprehensive Assessment:**
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: 1. Start with Nmap service detection: nmap -sV -p- TARGET
|
||||
Haxolottle: 1. Start with Nmap service detection: nmap -sV -p- TARGET
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: 2. Run Nmap vuln scripts: nmap --script vuln -sV TARGET
|
||||
Haxolottle: 2. Run Nmap vuln scripts: nmap --script vuln -sV TARGET
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: 3. Launch Nessus Basic scan for broad coverage
|
||||
Haxolottle: 3. Launch Nessus Basic scan for broad coverage
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: 4. Launch Nessus Advanced scan with thorough tests
|
||||
Haxolottle: 4. Launch Nessus Advanced scan with thorough tests
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: 5. For web servers, run Nikto: nikto -host TARGET
|
||||
Haxolottle: 5. For web servers, run Nikto: nikto -host TARGET
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: 6. Compare results - note what each tool found uniquely
|
||||
Haxolottle: 6. Compare results - note what each tool found uniquely
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: 7. Verify critical findings with manual testing or exploitation
|
||||
Haxolottle: 7. Verify critical findings manually or with exploitation
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 3
|
||||
|
||||
- -> vuln_scan_hub
|
||||
|
||||
=== challenge_tips ===
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Let me give you practical tips for the vulnerability assessment challenges.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: **Running Scans:**
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Start Nmap vuln scans early - they take time to complete.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: While Nmap runs, start your Nessus scans in parallel.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: If Nessus is still initializing plugins, skip ahead to Nikto and come back.
|
||||
|
||||
+ [Tips for comparing results?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Document what each tool finds:
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Note which vulnerabilities Nmap NSE detects
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Count vulnerabilities by severity in Nessus (Critical, High, Medium, Low)
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Compare Basic vs Advanced Nessus scans - how many more does Advanced find?
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Check what Nikto finds that the others missed
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: The lab has MULTIPLE exploitable vulnerabilities - see how many each tool detects.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
+ [Tips for exploiting found vulnerabilities?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: The lab includes vulnerabilities you've seen before (like Distcc) and new ones.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Try exploiting vulnerabilities detected by the scanners to confirm they're real.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: There's a NEW privilege escalation vulnerability this week - a different sudo vulnerability.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: This time you don't know the user's password, so the previous sudo exploit won't work!
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Look for CVE-2021-3156 (Baron Samedit) - affects sudo versions 1.8.2-1.8.31p2 and 1.9.0-1.9.5p1
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
+ [Tips for privilege escalation?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: After exploiting a service, check the sudo version: sudo --version
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: The Baron Samedit vulnerability (CVE-2021-3156) might be present.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: This exploit works differently - it doesn't require knowing a password!
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: You may need to upgrade your shell to Meterpreter first to use the Metasploit exploit.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Search Metasploit: search baron_samedit or search CVE-2021-3156
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Use: exploit/linux/local/sudo_baron_samedit
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
+ [Troubleshooting tips?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: If Nessus gives API access errors, clear your browser cache (Ctrl+Shift+Delete)
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: If you can't access a web server, check Firefox proxy settings - disable the proxy or add exclusion for 10.*.*.*
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Some vulnerable services might be patched - try attacking all available services.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Nessus scans can take 15-30 minutes - be patient!
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Compare results across all tools to see their different strengths and blind spots.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 5
|
||||
|
||||
- -> vuln_scan_hub
|
||||
|
||||
=== ready_for_practice ===
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Excellent! You're ready for comprehensive vulnerability assessment.
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 10
|
||||
~ vuln_scanning_mastery += 10
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: You'll use multiple industry-standard tools to assess the same target and compare their effectiveness.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: This lab demonstrates an important lesson: no single tool catches everything. Layer your defenses and your assessments!
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Remember: vulnerability scanners are reconnaissance tools. Use them only on authorized targets.
|
||||
|
||||
+ [Any final advice?]
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Be systematic. Run all the tools, document findings, and compare results.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Pay attention to what each tool finds that others miss - this teaches you their strengths and weaknesses.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Don't just collect scan results - verify critical findings by actually exploiting them.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: The limitations of these tools are as important as their capabilities. Real attackers won't stop at what scanners find.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Take notes on severity ratings, CVE numbers, and remediation advice - these make great report content.
|
||||
|
||||
Vulnerability Assessment Specialist: Good luck, Agent {player_name}. Time to see what automated tools can and can't detect!
|
||||
|
||||
~ instructor_rapport += 10
|
||||
~ haxolottle_rapport += 3
|
||||
|
||||
- -> vuln_scan_hub
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user