Merge remote-tracking branch 'refs/remotes/origin/main'

unit04_public_key/lab/README.md

@@ -15,55 +15,56 @@ Note: If you are using Python 3, instead of "pip install pycrypto" you can insta
 With public key encryption, we can use the public key to either encrypt data, or it can be used to prove a digital signature. The following is a public key generated with the GPG program:
 ```
 -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
-Version: GnuPG v2.0.21 (MingW32)
 
-mQINBFIpG2IBEACuiDv9Lo8UW0eUh9sUvB11tncGMIgJczcdSlHXNoApf0uEmTPw
-ngIpmkeOdXniLeEHv2eao98I3IjtIfvo2YfnqFQ2lSn+UUfnCf+nh6jYAnyEOCIi
-dr8oXN5Lx91XfRCdU17oGYW6azTIKZqxLQticf0GvCaXYHdBaAqU5E1C20sC6CnV
-IlqIxr/kjzvQdhZ1Ig8LPu9Ol7ltsf6BevEI0wSLJFRZXF3mHb9iYNtJnz+gWj/S
-XBWcgJpFblH0dOo8gyF/K58HBMh8NPo9nQqO9bWmo/TMPzdX5DERGMaZ92tg34I6
-bFjGj2oflu22o8WlOZn07iXAkJKG6BLcnOT4tpqVCWrM2YBr+eD7BR9Q2qRaJQ3T
-8fm2ohYHiLjqkvH7/LjpGTilcdwkHmUjr9pD/MJQZR5BsyyWg0a6A35jvViAVaAo
-Zkz+wFE6TCIdPGBj9q+vH++F3MZDl/qREiWeUn1cu01JobPJIr6b48eyLkxHbeu3
-z1GlIuzNfC8al/Wr9rPJZpOehf/woddIdkxnYvqyyxXo/t7/7ksMJglW6VVVKVgG
-mWEFHoL93pcKXZdqImsCUtK362v8qrb3RlhG/zgFHBRljcvAVbeP+Y7HayeO756i
-WewGiy/9Z5dlS1MV594fhXM9BzwMWfbosZBivi1jvOEyTSpma3q0fHx/tQARAQAB
-tCBzY2huZWllciA8c2NobmVpZXJAc2NobmVpZXIuY29tPokCOQQTAQIAIwUCUikb
-YgIbAwcLCQgHAwIBBhUIAgkKCwQWAgMBAh4BAheAAAoJELS0KiztrOpnODkP/3PA
-sx0r2/6D48GLqTmUBwJiK6z4EmNaMmwElvqzeadc7DknzSqHKWDcDCZPxllIlDRv
-kdAx7kKq+zuSAfzEtK+KZ4jm0ahn5bpdDzp+j8YHvym+JXcmy+JSIgdtQmCybT0B
-1xPyrVpxK7uEr6M+XBxIZ8OfpKf1uQbBQllwL47ejgYGdHP5kX0dMb2hr4OcfpxC
-ah/OXf3CpXYuOxrFIQ+b0NoqQCcap/6ggVO/cKO06d9J+xhJd0Rv5B4ILBLx0/PM
-Y4UbOs/7uAOwTkQTCIUkURq2mIHQBy4jLIVaOACdwHaKaC6C6Q6/rSiNHDQuOKZF
-Q0LVS+ygiQg7VWyA1dVsyGZTeIlQ6UwHARasrSs6AtKHbKaU6cZ1IKYmv+y5vQ3u
-dfl2cePriJIJgiZEFWe/iH5tDvIQkGkUnOACvVMtMtP9tfhL6igrMazck/JjXRHv
-RL1VUKwZx0rQrT7APxHBL/wAwCLE4Hf6eEMegyeqkY7l/bSTTvwGfA+VlMGyi93v
-5J9JNopmk9XRCGjYlK1uDxSvWnJIm5BpQVGFFx0bLx+0Y89fVwqKzOuv5DvQ7CRT
-EMuBSDZrZLpS0y7yBHfYHijxV3R7/LQvWr04uaAViPrTUFvHrY4vxDk43YHLjeQ8
-Eu3SnlSp19cAVXiImAdd5kp7koG4+6k0zDHyla7puQINBFIpG2IBEAC48ibokoiU
-+lIFRGWk1ZOHxGQXZkh9LRocpaUF+b0AonYjWD/tzoQ/KhMWU6aPiu/Ldg7FcdFY
-o7FnCLkz1FMRhr3oS0YrkUiEirWGPEWMJdwrGp0t6ecy2g0Q0Jhc8O8JNE5pAmtE
-tVkb2MWgD0hRUIoFSO/abtCtQUkV7ymkPNJ5HTArNjjCcZ9QdQZykAqYqXhKbv2W
-IMe/tUGaJYFw5xpuMdZ+etm8xFuw6iLO5EgDtLvAp7yooqOgQIXwXG0EBMshFdqO
-ivpgG/JldYqx1li2S53wiCqHXJr7M9Ch23Maix14/6Q6PK20KgLjeo9WTgLCJjB1
-krUNbgbWOQIxk/ZgXcs4Z+VJXAFHrL3yoR+rBKYDDDjnSm0oWCvfYmNADSwaNPgJ
-cLL4/ibTUZZBezMqppfyTZjrBI1Ng+UMoRyMeJe3Ypg6/HvQ82B6wPSZZs49YkKK
-F36TrHUuSuO2vlVELb9NYM8ZVG8hJ/Og/PVyGKGCEb0EwgefwMomKRlNbk7IQoAb
-fzbhhRlhyZbFAD3QtuCJnTyHb/FSoXGS/PDpRyFRMQQsNQznded5TzAqmbnw1ZAQ
-zbZ/A3WKNoSrsyY97y8XZhXMlcpYOsUR7hGJoxQOizw57Y42nGltJpyntYGR/M10
-0Xl+h0zrSfCwG86GZHhhgvG4I/RdgwvWVQARAQABiQIfBBgBAgAJBQJSKRtiAhsM
-AAoJELS0KiztrOpn9ikP/i22bfoOzsyqG57YL2yxG2AM0N/qy5yfJT9uNJky3rRW
-zZ+iEglOKKwCj60fKbp9snm3Xyj8t6LGrM6Qu8YuKX40wHx7m2VUpgheeKoZAHV2
-9oCnwkJ8V3OJhp7D32O0TRya4ZhAXNrAGqEPUp0E8Yep/bWPUAlNtOxp1y2sJIHG
-mtcEee0J/AFJvU3BS885IbJxCA3YdEbgx45B8Et74WpCj4LuWrii7GmEnXbh/kv/
-JLzniZCV/5F/+8dfUZld/02GYZN02lorlbzdbZkkh6dc+GbyN0kSnQMEBhIp9xDW
-RdtbHdJpMNUxZyFAhCU7k1bTs5Fo1QNgug76LQhlhSwc/DpZWMTeKwas7P8VelAu
-5ZX3eUV0pB+sinFb+ArhW9nCtBBebLAJTL86tlxe4mq4C9sHV4AW6amcisAU8OEN
-e2MX3zIbN9I23EM+5mRVfGHavVR0gRU8M/QcO9FEP5Q3nFt6rWWfYMPSwV0Vk1kG
-ThswcgVlMG/ed6u2zlt4A39V414Lz/fECSFlTo1f3T3i2j06TT+QNMj/4jMZHsqj
-QlRYkxLnN2DRwmbPJeBtGCfW3wvhDZJ0w1XvBcO9fJLIkw87swaFCQclw66EM2Ga
-Mhc2jkLSMoXGEv/OHvneDPIZN9lSJWweHtVayhk2buFMxWka4sVTrfMvFx4Fm5ve
-=R5Hk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+=zhEX
 -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
 ```
 
@@ -754,7 +755,7 @@ gpg –d myfile.asc > myfile.txt
 
 Can you decrypt the message:
 
-#### 5. Next using this public key file, send Bill (w.buchanan@napier.ac.uk) a question (http://asecuritysite.com/public.txt):
+#### 5. Next, using this public key file, send Bill (w.buchanan@napier.ac.uk) a question (http://asecuritysite.com/public.txt):
 
 ```
 -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
@@ -771,19 +772,19 @@ ZBLu9T8rhJY447sTiZx/8eDCdhGLtkMkqS8vxxpbonRKaog1hJ0cYKO13QmsudSp
 n/23cO7gdIWMzGxYW5MFiHmNLo/9vCWbQPhM07Z+lunTlZIHVDGbjpfeNuJKU+uZ
 NtUhec+rOcf+Fl2Wh8PTOy0J13sEgJLf8w4SOlPR8wWkEuu0uC26fm1MRQARAQAB
 tCdCaWxsIEJ1Y2hhbmFuIDxCLkJ1Y2hhbmFuQG5hcGllci5hYy51az6JAlQEEwEI
-AD4WIQSIFvygLS/JJTJT9vZIquNsqTrj2AUCYC2TNgIbAwUJB4YfZgULCQgHAgYV
-CgkICwIEFgIDAQIeAQIXgAAKCRBIquNsqTrj2OOcD/9lHTOC37vjGZuccLzmkm1s
-buMxf/AkGdzSSAukCSHp1YzZCl/PA/9oIPyPIs3Sn4JdsqLr8/aOPKMZouFZ5fk7
-u0fpwaVF9y+ooiXSNh9xiuWxlG1gERayrfA3381wv/HbiLwphtJVoPjw8giyQ1/A
-EkIy+ktMkcF9+MSqySiDJww2chfivP6xDkBLGqpXAqBC49ThbECg0MVG+mrySRam
-G9KuZNSzRYhbglADB/GWkNml8IBLsrZ9HoFq6ChSCLTIEbWdI14TpoouGxPPheQw
-sa63J1USYFTOTS3pzBQAxdWT+6mCv4xdtifKcV7KjuzakHZNPfCBi/iZEQan3han
-ImQrM4lH2R8Dpw2NEKAIbLy4AcdmwL2oqeJk8oGBzUR3VCzaYHiOp4xiJQ5Bw615
-qdKJ0kdW8DpS/kQXY4s0S8FMHANzTzw0E0HtU0zU2OiDpYXYHhSJEVtKEAFab7Bb
-MooEoOHnKfO6Eh79448GigyLjacnWadpETTs+sgyH0kIrT8G3FsNWaUWfvzZp7J6
-/YyOkM/xQ7rfwBww1i5t0bSqo7terXWmf/N5LGpfZnQ1yrkeDFljsz+oeu4n3eAJ
-X6QV1ZfY48wSc6iAfh3thMebpCw6OCoeY8JLwt2JzXKtbYuONMP41dofQhVap1z6
-Eq9NAKPFRYgBtUC0IWiHH7kCDQRgLZM2ARAAsfxQeEZirG6H6zhKSlPRhnVqUIQA
+AD4CGwMFCwkIBwIGFQoJCAsCBBYCAwECHgECF4AWIQSIFvygLS/JJTJT9vZIquNs
+qTrj2AUCZ7MoYgUJDTJqJgAKCRBIquNsqTrj2NTAEACYQNG9cY37izksv3+YkrgA
+hq7aIoECCFQ8vg+dDRRhXWFsDJ7XOc/w8o4y4TyPoMPSz7p+SpU0af6Xvn/j+Zu7
+U0ZXLQGBkfkl6enddHOIi34gy9QdpKtxSWvHrLT1c+keyUP5wVotnqrebJnNqTQc
+iIQcB0G8iw0TC3nIIv8OdzExmuG3eKcCSNTAEBws5/H9J5d/4YA48IGG7Xw6chE5
+PS/JUqLLEf4EbrJ+VpNBLnWrREmgDiWFNdJEIbfQlZLUwlSVNgwOIuvT6W9BVmQJ
+mGRXj+5mo1/vDIj1mPKWrPs/+avXW7eo8PJc013xODE5XJyocHRD+Bfp8smrG0wG
+/MxONrtL6IVTEzmwMFDwD+XSjMZpCrXqscDyoAqU92Eqlkaf8dqWmcMNtU5UU+HT
+hZBcs2uTB2P30/2O9LU1e64gHoLJBSQLEYh5dFRkIgQOCr/pjLCCAKg3oQflt36X
+wRj/RLcj1eoARNbeNOoN1yAnlTYUxTxY3Pdgs/O15bcD0DYUAKrRNsXzHuPeKU6X
+2A7UeqbIbNqfV/yyJaxT0B7NZlZ2X0+LBNg1+euhawfcNxlZZTnP04lX85dL9nnE
+5YbW5GUYRgo3N1AiqsvQrZ45Qd9DOmIiMw6WhtaJ3Lhve6imrPS0H6y+U09q/RPQ
+Y5dG8XrrUVTQGtkDzpvOybkCDQRgLZM2ARAAsfxQeEZirG6H6zhKSlPRhnVqUIQA
 F5LSnCaIdjPxVtO1y6GESwT3vkRcNqEaCSFh4cMKeLZjYPWAuqriKVmPBvp8TBQa
 YTLcBZRBBCYeqVYdklDDChW8xcrWzIYs5vHOhnHklEZGsnGkpV8zScJIG3iKqINp
 5i3SjnUKBooDR0dKHcv3mA3BHm6HBR9EqVMoTq42ssPypOtB3jHFPB9mxzIHOCrc
@@ -794,21 +795,21 @@ HIjjk02RER9R4Wk0PdLxQlb7r5zwNOIM5mz7202BunB0e4qLbpH2tp9zLxrUxc8r
 XqvSmTRv6NE95gPvagWORVnIe96Ag6kRA/ifstZQEldlB7LLWetpmDLj+wcdXMur
 qHiPUJxg9vdZ939P/1AXM2iSLYp76VR0NR3WnavOwv8xLkGn0sYXBOKOMh8AGvUT
 oAjFGfCIAlAw7ZcXyfbtgpmBnVCcQKu7Ft7x/L5Wh5XCeHJa4eih09I4d248yDr+
-rB4ZBqbjh/b1IX0AEQEAAYkCPAQYAQgAJhYhBIgW/KAtL8klMlP29kiq42ypOuPY
-BQJgLZM2AhsMBQkHhh9mAAoJEEiq42ypOuPYUHQP/0tDfIRQtpfepxMweq04Kw7Q
-BvEL5VVKpx5aTSq4aEU8LBFbs+DJjzkFq69YXfVlHGlt1+I5B+Aglmv+Qy/v/eo7
-dNwtPQ0uVSd8vqNIjB0QxBZ2Sx86zMbxifRno/hetQK3dXdxJO7L7KBDBX/4W8wl
-vxVPb4hufOE8UDldqm0J1OHfB8d4NXKoLibqagELWwbyG+QxsdINMEApaqjKEEv+
-Suu6Pn6eSvfjJUdRXL3aDqm4sVNwnmjJREy6640fErv0VdfkoO9W9j7h1dE3ij5W
-HUVXOCmFwKZWGv7C1qOZoCP8kvNu/KT2KvyKlywdft8X5eGVFu7XNZqxNw8w2b6c
-Obk+jFONuSNDEkpatvRkqcl4ZKT9d1lSTgLhMYEOyeRM+IyKjYtGNjXvTI+CW7xr
-2MEBjT9tTsCF+JJdjkEu9+JfEBJScpe254QVIN0BIWpN9Yiboq4PJWgazxtxPjNf
-cDsx8KpdKAuqi/uq5NPooCTmx2UN3qZC9dX1vBAxSggIt29Xg0EQyW8FW7cL/C2I
-SN5Ngz5QUKuN0BeOnqRoPaBdFrTTnW7uXsl4LXpP23rfpisKVtEfiXb13322SByX
-gTAYItr3IsyMEYriggMBpjqKaE3TxdwxETxHh9ktvj5aITWHWkq7corz/hR+POnF
-nucbcNB98DkLlND905oV
-=XVeB
------END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----	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+=zhEX
+-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
 ```
 
 
@@ -843,7 +844,7 @@ On your Ubuntu instance setup your new keys for ssh:
 ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_git
 ```
 
-Now create a Github account and upload your public key to Github (select Settings-> New SSH key or Add SSH key).  Create a new repository on your GitHub site, and add a new file to it. Next go to your Ubuntu instance and see if you can clone of a new directory:
+Now create a GitHub account and upload your public key to Github (select Settings-> New SSH key or Add SSH key).  Create a new repository on your GitHub site, and add a new file to it. Next go to your Ubuntu instance and see if you can clone of a new directory:
 
 git clone ssh://git@github.com/<user>/<repository name>.git
 
@@ -861,7 +862,7 @@ The key things learnt:
 
 A reflective statement:
 
-* In ECC, we use a 256-bit private key. This is used to generate the key for signing Bitcoin transactions. Do you think that a 256-bit key is largest enough? If we use a cracker what performs 1 Tera keys per second, will someone be able to determine our private key?
+* In ECC, we use a 256-bit private key. This is used to generate the key for signing Bitcoin transactions. Do you think that a 256-bit key is largest enough? If we use a cracker that performs 1 Tera keys per second, will someone be able to determine our private key?
 
 ## Additional
 The following is code which performs RSA key generation, and the encryption and decryption of a message (https://asecuritysite.com/encryption/rsa_example):

z_assessments/coursework/README.md

@@ -2,33 +2,41 @@
 
 # Analysis of Next Generation Cryptography
 The coursework hand-in date is: **Sunday, 10 May 2026**. There will be a hand-in in Moodle for your submission. **Note: there is no need to write your own code for the method(s) investigated, as it will typically involve running standard code from GitHub sources.**
+
 ## Use of AI tools
-At the end of your coursework document submission, please include a short declaration that the submission is your own work. If possible, try not use AI tools to generate any part of your work. If you do, all the content which has been generated by an AI tool should be acknowledged and highlighted in your submission, with an appendix containing the prompts input to the tool and responses you have received.  
+At the end of your coursework document submission, please include a short declaration that the submission is your own work. If possible, try not use AI tools to generate any part of your report. If you do, all the content which has been generated by an AI tool should be acknowledged and highlighted in your submission, with an appendix containing the prompts input to the tool and responses you have received.  
 
 
 ## Requirements
 
 You are requested to investigate, build a prototype, and evaluate one of the following:
 
-* **Zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) methods**. This involves using cryptography to allow users to prove shared knowledge without having to reveal the original information. This might involve passing on knowledge of a password, without actually revealing the password.
+* **Zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) methods**. This involves using cryptography to allow users to prove shared knowledge without having to reveal the original information. This might involve passing on knowledge of a password, without actually revealing the password. Typical methods are zkSnarks and zkStarks.
 * **Homomorphic encryption**. This involves processing encrypted data and can be partial homomorphic encryption (where a few mathematical methods can be implemented) or full homomorphic encryption.
+* **AI and Cryptographic flaws**. This involves using GenAI to investigate how it can be used to identify flaws in cryptographic code, such as static flaws caused by incorrect parameters, or dynamic flaws, such as pointer memory violations.
 * **Light-weight cryptography**. This involves cryptography methods that support encryption, which are suitable for IoT devices. This is normally optimised in terms of reducing processing requirements, memory utilisation, and energy drain.
-* **Quantum-robust cryptography**. Quantum computers are likely to crack existing public key methods, and thus we need to move toward public key methods which are quantum robust.
+* **Quantum-robust cryptography**. Quantum computers are likely to crack existing public key methods, and thus, we need to move toward public key methods which are quantum robust. This assignment could investigate the performance of the quantum robust methods (eg ML-DSA) against classical methods (eg RSA).
 * **Key Distribution Centres**. The complexity of handling keys is an increasing challenge for many companies. Within a KDC, we can implement methods which will generate encryption keys for users. This topic will involve investigating possible methods that could be used.
 * **Blockchain integration**. Many applications are moving towards storing data on a blockchain and in using smart contracts. This area will investigate new areas of improving the security and/or performance of blockchain-related methods.
-* **Tokenization**. There is a vast increase in the usage of tokens to either protect sensitive details or provide one-time access. This area will allow you to investigate different tokenisation methods, such as using Ferrnet tokens or some of the security weaknesses of OAuth 2.
+* **Tokenization**. There is a significant increase in the use of tokens to protect sensitive information or provide one-time access. This area will allow you to investigate different tokenisation methods, such as using Ferrnet tokens or some of the security weaknesses of OAuth 2.
 * **IPFS (Interplanetary File System)**. This breaks files into chunks and then distributes them around the world and where we can integrate version control on files. Overall, it has advanced in reducing latency, improving resilience, and avoiding censorship.
+* **Reverse engineering of cryptography code**. There are a number of tools that can be used to reverse engineer cryptographic code, including with GenAI. This specification will analyse the success or otherwise of the reverse engineering of cryptographic code, and the methods that can be applied to obfuscate its reverse engineering.
 * **Passwordless systems**. This supports MFA using biometrics, NFC, and BLE, and supports FIDO2 using public key encryption.
 * **Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning**. With this, we can use cryptographic methods to preserve the privacy of our data for machine-learning applications.
+* **Assessment of AI-generated code**. GenAI can be used to generate cryptographic code for a given specification. This requirement will investigate the success of the code generation of a given specification and assess its success or otherwise, and will involve compiling the code, and then assessing its performance with human-written performance, or could relate to a static analysis of the code.
+* **Side Challenge Analysis of Cryptography**. Cryptographic code - if not designed correctly - can leak information within the execution of code. This specification will set up running code that can be used to assess whether information is leaked during code execution, such as bits of the encryption key used.
 
 There are many different methods involved in each of these areas, so while your literature review might have a relatively wide scope, you might want to focus in on one or more methods for your implementation and evaluation. You may also pick another related area, but this would have to be approved by your tutor.
 
+## Requirement
+You should set up a private GitHub repository and share it with the GitHub ID of billbuchanan. Your code and any results should be stored in this repository, and which will be used as evidence for your submitted coursework. Once set up, please send Bill the URL of your private GitHub on Teams chat.
+
 ## Tasks
 You should pick one of the areas defined and then:
 
 * **Perform a literature review around the required application area**. This will involve using sources such as Google Scholar and outlining some of the key research in the area.
 * **Produce a basic prototype of your application area**. This might involve gathering code from GitHub sources, and/or creating your own code. Make sure you keep the references to any code you have used.
-* **Evaluate the performance/security of the system**. This will involve both the validation of your implemented code – such as using test vectors – and also the evaluation of the method(s) using one or more experiments. If you are building you own code, this will be more of a validation test.
+* **Evaluate the performance/security of the system**. This will involve both the validation of your implemented code – such as using test vectors – and also the evaluation of the method(s) using one or more experiments. If you are building your own code, this will be more of a validation test.
 
 ## Structure
 The coursework should have up to 15 pages, and will include the following sections of: