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readme.md

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readme.md

STIX for Digital Forensics

Objectives

The goal of the project is to explore and build an extended STIX™ (xSTIX), to exchange Cyber Forensic Intelligence (CFI). While STIX focuses on understanding, responding to, and mitigating computer-based attacks, the xSTIX allows cyber forensics communities to better understand what and how digital evidence is left on hosts and networks during these attacks and to reconstruct digital forensic-based crime scenes after attacks.

The xSTIX includes a set of Cyber Forensic Objects (CFOs). CFOs are CFI domain objects that are corresponding to concepts used in hosts and networks but are more intensively used for CFI, e.g., the concepts of file and webpage visits. Each CFO represents an event generated and recorded by firmware, drivers, operating systems, and software applications. The recorded event is often used to meet functional or non-functional requirements of a feature/system. For example, the Windows security feature requires logging all security-related activities for auditing; Google drive records all files' status for a faster local and remote files synchronization. CFOs are different from STIX Cyber-Observable Data objects because CFOs are pre-processed data in the context of CFI instead of raw data that Cyber-observable Objects want to describe.

Extension Format

Objects: We follow the STIX specification for customizing objects. The most important rule to create a new object type is that the value of the type property in a Custom Object SHOULD start with “x-” followed by a source unique identifier (like a domain name with dots replaced by hyphens), a hyphen and then the name. For example, x-example-com-customobject.
Required Properties:
- type (string)： The value of this property MUST be one of CFOs.
- spec_version (string): The current version is 2.1, i.e., "spec_version": "2.1".
- id (identifier): This id MUST meet the requirements of the identifier type see STIX section 2.9.
- created (timestamp): The created property represents the time at which the object was originally created by an investigator (i.e., object creator).
- modified (timestamp): The modified property is only used by CFOs that support versioning and represents the time that this particular version of the object was last modified.
- created_by_re(identifier): The object creator is the entity (e.g., system, organization, instance of a tool) that generates the id property for a given object. It is optional in STIX SDO.
Common Properties used in CFOs
- external_references (list of type external-reference): The external_references property specifies a list of external references which refers to non-STIX information. This property is used to provide one or more URLs, descriptions, or IDs to records in other systems.

Table of Contents (updating)

Cyber Forensic Objects (CFOs)
Property Extension
- Extension for Windows Registry Key Object
Other extension
- threat-actor-type-ov external reference

Windows Event Record Object

Type Name: x-windows-evt-record

The Windows Event Record object represents an event recorded by Windows OS, including applicatioin, security, steup, system, and forwarded-events.

Properties

Property Name	Type	Description
type (required)	string	The value of this property MUST be x-windows-evt-record.
record_number	string	Specified the number of the record.
time_generated	timestamp	Specified the time at which this entry was submitted.
time_written	timestamp	Specified the time at which this entry was received by the service to be written to the log.
event_source	string	Specifies the name of the software or the name of a subcomponent of the application if the application is large that logs the event.
event_id	integer	The value is specific to the event source for the event, and is used with the source name to locate a description string in the message file for the event source.
event_id_string	integer	Specified the description string of event_id.
event_type	string	It MUST be one EventType defined in Windows Doc
event_category	enum	Categories help to organize events
user_account_ref(required)	identifier	The user account that is associated with the event.
saved_to_ref(required)	identity	Specifies object type that event object belongs to. It MUST be a type of file or artifact

Notes:

event_source has a few types, such as application, security, system, customlog, etc.
user_account_ref can be retrieved based on SID.

Relationships

Source	Relationship Type	Target	Description

Example 1: describes a "logon" event recorded in the security event file.

[
  {
    "type": "x-windows-evt",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "x-windows-evt--8e2e2d2b-17d4-4cbf-938f-98ee46b3cd3f",
    "record_number": "12145",
    "time_generated": "2015-01-06T20:03:00.000Z",
    "time_written": "2015-01-06T20:03:00.100Z",
    "event_source": "Microsoft Windows security auditing.",
    "event_id": "4624",
    "event_id_string": "An account was successfully logged on",
    "event_type": "EVENTLOG_AUDIT_SUCCESS",
    "user_account_ref ": "user-account--68f0b7d5-f7ab-47d2-8773-739ceb1c11bb",
    "saved_to_ref": "file--79e0da61-48e2-4552-874f-83d74262f39d",
    "created": "2021-01-06T20:03:00.000Z",
    "modified": "2021-01-06T20:03:00.000Z",
    "external_references": [
      {
        "source_name": "ns-winnt-eventlogrecord",
        "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winnt/ns-winnt-eventlogrecord"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "type": "file",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "file--79e0da61-48e2-4552-874f-83d74262f39d",
    "hashes": {
      "SHA-256": "fe90a7e910cb3a4739bed9180e807e93fa70c90f25a8915476f5e4bfbac681db"
    },
    "size": 4518,
    "name": "security.evt"
  }
]

Example 2: describes a system event generated by CD-Rom

{
  "type": "x-windows-evt",
  "spec_version": "2.1",
  "id": "x-windows-evt--8e2e2d2b-17d4-4cbf-938f-98ee46b3cd3f",
  "record_number": "4512",
  "time_generated": "2015-01-06T20:03:00.000Z",
  "time_written": "2015-01-06T20:03:00.100Z",
  "event_source": "cdrom",
  "event_id": "16388",
  "user_account_ref ": "user-account--68f0b7d5-f7ab-47d2-8773-739ceb1c11bb",
  "saved_to_ref": "file--79e0da61-48e2-4552-874f-83d74262f39d",
  "created": "2021-01-06T20:03:00.000Z",
  "modified": "2021-01-06T20:03:00.000Z",
  "user_account_ref ": "user-account--68f0b7d5-f7ab-47d2-8773-739ceb1c11bb",
  "saved_to_ref": "file--e2dd9934-e6aa-440a-9d51-21ccf990c4f5"
}

Webpage Visit Event Object

Type Name: x-webpage-visit-evt

The Webpage Visit Event object represents a single visit to a webpage.

Properties

Property Name	Type	Description
type (required)	string	The value of this property MUST be browser-history.
entry_id	string	Specifies the unique entry ID in a file (i.e., save_to_ref) that the event saved to.
url_ref	identifier	Specify a visit to a URL.
title	string	Specifies the title of a web page (if a URL is a webpage) that has been visited.
visit_time	timestamp	The last time visited.
visit_count	integer	The number of times visited
browser_ref	identifier	The value type for this property SHOULD software.
file_requested_ref	identifier	The ID of the file the HTTP requested.
user_account_ref	identifier	The user account that is associated with the record.
saved_to_ref(required)	identifier	Specifies object type that event object belongs to. It MUST be a type of file or artifact.

Relationships

Source	Relationship Type	Target	Description

Examples

[
  {
    "type": "x-browser-history-evt",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "x-browser-history-evt--8e2e2d2b-17d4-4cbf-938f-98ee46b3cd3f",
    "url_ref": "url--9cc5a5dc-0acd-46f5-ae3f-724370087622",
    "title": "B.S. in Cyber Forensics | University of Baltimore",
    "visit-time": "2021-01-06T20:03:22.000Z",
    "visit-count": 2,
    "browser_ref": "software--b67a8d52-d438-4ace-8285-c6d485e34192",
    "file_requested_ref ": "file--10624790-0e43-4498-89da-8979ab4215ae",
    "user_account_ref ": "user-account--68f0b7d5-f7ab-47d2-8773-739ceb1c11bb",
    "saved_to_ref": "file--843f6a43-0603-4e0d-84a4-198386eecf4f"
  },
  {
    "type": "url",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "url--9cc5a5dc-0acd-46f5-ae3f-724370087622",
    "v,alue": "https://www.ubalt.edu/cpa/undergraduate-majors-and-minors/majors/cyber-forensics/"
  },
  {
    "type": "software",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "software--b67a8d52-d438-4ace-8285-c6d485e34192",
    "name": "chrome",
    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:google:chrome:88.0.4324.104:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
    "vendor": "Google"
  }
]

Plug and Play (PnP) Event Object

Type Name: x-pnp-evt

The Plug and Play (PnP) Event object represents an event recorded by Windows Kernel-Mode Plug (pnp) and Play Manager. PnP manager is a combination of hardware technology and software techniques that enables a PC to recognize when a device is added to the system. With PnP, the system configuration can change with little or no input from the user.

Properties

The completed log properties can be accessed Microsoft office docs- Format of a text log section body

Property Name	Type	Description
type (required)	string	The value of this property MUST be x-pnp-evt.
entry_prefix	enum	The values of this property MUST come from the message-type-ov enumeration.
time_stamp	timestamp	Indicates the system time when the logged event occurred.
event_category	string	Indicates the category of SetupAPI operation that made the log entry. MUST be one of the predefined Event_category operation strings, e.g.device installation.
formatted_message	string	Contains the specific information that applies to the log entry.
saved_to_ref(required)	identifier	Specifies object type that event object belongs to. It MUST be a type of file or artifact (e.g., cache, memory), e.g., steupAPI.log

Message Type Vocabulary

Vocabulary Name: message-type-ov

Vocabulary Value	Description
error	An Error message
warning	An warning message
other-info	Information message other than an error message or a warning message

Examples

{
  "type": "x-pnp-evt",
  "spec_version": "2.1",
  "id": "x-pnp-evt--58959aae-d1e0-4e12-a879-270efe33c6e3",
  "entry_prefix": "other-info",
  "time_stamp": "2021-01-06T20:03:22.000Z",
  "event_category": "device installation",
  "formatted_message ": "Device Install (Hardware initiated) - USB\\VID_0781&PID_5517\\4C5300124505311010593",
  "saved_to_ref": "file--176353bd-b61d-4944-b0cd-0b98783c50b5"
}

File Visit Event Object

Type Name: x-file-visit-evt

The File Visit Event object represents properties that are associasted with a file/directory visited by operating systems or applications. The event is generated when a file is read, modified, executed, preloaded. etc. The event may be saved in different forms, e.g., file, cache, Windows registry, etc.

Properties

Property Name	Type	Description
type (required)	string	The value of this property MUST be x-file-visit-evt.
visit_type	enum	Specifies how the file was visited. The values of this property MUST come from the file-visit-type-enum enumeration.
visit_time	timestamp	Specifies the time a file was visited.
visit_file_guid	string	The GUID of an application, e.g., {A3D53349-6E61-4557-8FC7-0028EDCEEBF6}} is Windows 8.
visit_count	integer	The total number of times the program has visited.
visit_file_ref (required)	identifier	Specifies the file or directory that was recently visited.
record_reason	open-vocab	Specifies a reason why an event is recorded. It MUST come from the file-visit-evt-record-reason-ov open vocabulary.
created_by_software_ref	identifier	The software that is used to capture and save the event. The value of this property MUST be the identifier for an SCO software object.
saved_to_ref(required)	identifier	Specifies object type that event object belongs to. It MUST be a type of file (e.g., RecentFileCache.bcf or Amcache.hve), registry, artifact, or directory.

File Visit Type Enum

Vocabulary Name: file-visit-type-enum

Vocabulary Value	Description
creation	A file was visited for creation.
reading	A file was visited for reading.
modification	A file was was visited for modification (content is to be modified).
updating	The metadata of a file was visited for changing (e.g. permissions)
execution	A file was visited for execution.
deletion	A file was visited for deletion.
preloading	A file was visited for preloading to memory.
prefetching	A file was visited for prefetching to memory.
loading	A file was visited for loading to memory.
unloading	A file was visited for unloading from memory.
other
unknown	There is not enough information available to determine how file was accessed.

File Visit Event Record Reason Vocabulary

Vocabulary Name: file-visit-evt-record-reason-ov

Vocabulary Value	Description
userassist	Track every GUI-based programs launched from the desktop in the userassist registry key.
shimcache	Shimcache is created to identify application compatibility issues.
recentfilecache	RecentFileCache.bcf only contains references to programs that recently executed.
prefetch
muicache	Support multiple languages for software.
usnjournal	Store Update Sequence Number Journal.
shellbag	Store user preferences for GUI folder display within Windows Explorer.
jumplist	Represents a list of items and tasks displayed as a menu on a Windows 7 taskbar button.
mru	Most recently used files.
autorun
mft	Master file table
applog	Logs generated by applications.

RecentFileCache

RecentFileCache.bcf only contains references to programs that were recently executed. setuputility.exe is recently executed.

[
  {
    "type": "x-file-visit-evt",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "x-file-visit-evt--83aee86d-1523-4111-938e-8edc8a6c804f",
    "visit_type": "execution",
    "visit_time ": "2021-01-06T20:03:22.000Z",
    "visit_file_ref": "file--7bd8980c-91eb-461a-a357-ae75a35374e6",
    "record_reason": "recentfilecache",
    "created_by_software_ref": "software--a67ca75e-bda5-45e0-8bf0-b5884528d228",
    "saved_to_ref": "file--176353bd-b61d-4944-b0cd-0b98783c50b5"
  },
  {
    "type": "file",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "file--7bd8980c-91eb-461a-a357-ae75a35374e6",
    "size": 25536,
    "name": "setuputility.exe "
  },
  {
    "type": "file",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "file--176353bd-b61d-4944-b0cd-0b98783c50b5",
    "hashes": {
      "SHA-256": "fe90a7e910cb3a4739bed9180e807e93fa70c90f25a8915476f5e4bfbac681db"
    },
    "size": 51164,
    "name": "RecentFileCache.bcf"
  },
  {
    "type": "software",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "software--a67ca75e-bda5-45e0-8bf0-b5884528d228",
    "name": "Windows",
    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:Windows:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
    "version": "7",
    "vendor": "Microsoft"
  }
]

Shimcache

Shimcache is created to identify application compatibility issues. Two actions/events that can cause the Shimcache to record an entry: (1) A file is executed and (2) A user interactively browses a directory.

[
  {
    "type": "x-file-visit-evt",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "x-file-visit-evt--83aee86d-1523-4111-938e-8edc8a6c804f",
    "visit_type": "executed",
    "visit_time ": "2021-01-06T20:03:22.000Z",
    "visit_file_ref": "file--7bd8980c-91eb-461a-a357-ae75a35374e6",
    "record_reason": "shimcache",
    "created_by_software_ref": "software--a67ca75e-bda5-45e0-8bf0-b5884528d228",
    "saved_to_ref": "windows-registry-key--2ba37ae7-2745-5082-9dfd-9486dad41016"
  },
  {
    "type": "file",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "file--150c4200-02c6-475d-ac44-2d4e65de9f36",
    "size": 5536,
    "name": "twext.dll "
  },
  {
    "type": "windows-registry-key",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "windows-registry-key--2ba37ae7-2745-5082-9dfd-9486dad41016",
    "key": "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\ControlSet001\\Control\\Session Manager\\AppCompatCache\\"
  }
]

UserAssist

Windows System, every GUI-based programs launched from the desktop are tracked in this registry key HKEY_USERS{SID}\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\UserAssist. An Example of a Security ID (SID) is S-1-5-21-394942887-4226445097-2438273937-1001.

[
  {
    "type": "x-file-visit-evt",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "x-file-visit-evt--2bec785c-e1b0-4834-9a3a-9d04bd0749fe",
    "visit_type": "execution",
    "visit_time ": "2021-01-06T20:03:22.000Z",
    "visit_file_ref": "file--674f8200-b56a-473b-9b1d-32a911ac5387",
    "visit_count": 1,
    "record_reason": "userassist",
    "created_by_software_ref": "software--a67ca75e-bda5-45e0-8bf0-b5884528d228",
    "saved_to_ref": "windows-registry-key--2ba37ae7-2745-5082-9dfd-9486dad41016"
  },
  {
    "type": "file",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "file--150c4200-02c6-475d-ac44-2d4e65de9f36",
    "size": 55136,
    "name": "WINWORD.EXE"
  },
  {
    "type": "windows-registry-key",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "windows-registry-key--2ba37ae7-2745-5082-9dfd-9486dad41016",
    "key": "HKEY_USERS\\S-1-5-21-394942887-4226445097-2438273937-1001\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\UserAssist"
  }
]

Prefetch

Prefetch preloads the most frequently used software into memory. The Typeshows the chrome.exe-999b1ba.pf contains chrome.exe-999b1ba.exe, the time when the executable file is executed, last time executed, and how many times it was executed.

[
  {
    "type": "x-file-visit-evt",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "x-file-visit-evt--2bec785c-e1b0-4834-9a3a-9d04bd0749fe",
    "visit_type": "execution",
    "visit_time ": "2021-01-06T20:03:22.000Z",
    "visit_count": 71,
    "visit_file_ref": "file--674f8200-b56a-473b-9b1d-32a911ac5387",
    "record_reason": "prefetch",
    "created_by_software_ref": "software--a67ca75e-bda5-45e0-8bf0-b5884528d228",
    "saved_to_ref": "file--2ba37ae7-2745-5082-9dfd-9486dad41016"
  },
  {
    "type": "file",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "file--150c4200-02c6-475d-ac44-2d4e65de9f36",
    "name": "chrome.exe-999b1ba.exe "
  },
  {
    "type": "file",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "file--2ba37ae7-2745-5082-9dfd-9486dad41016",
    "hashes": {
      "MD5": "af15a4b4b0c8378d1206336962d7b5b9"
    },
    "name": "chrome.exe-999b1ba.pf "
  }
]

USNJournal

USN (Update Sequence Number) Journal records all files' changes (e.g.., rename) that are made to a volume.

[
  {
    "type": "x-file-visit-evt",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "x-file-visit-evt--2bec785c-e1b0-4834-9a3a-9d04bd0749fe",
    "visit_type": "modification",
    "visit_time ": "2021-01-06T20:03:22.000Z",
    "visit_file_ref": "file--674f8200-b56a-473b-9b1d-32a911ac5387",
    "record_reason": "usnjournal",
    "created_by_software_ref": "software--a67ca75e-bda5-45e0-8bf0-b5884528d228",
    "saved_to_ref": "file--2ba37ae7-2745-5082-9dfd-9486dad41016"
  },
  {
    "type": "file",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "file--150c4200-02c6-475d-ac44-2d4e65de9f36",
    "name": "Desert.jpg "
  },
  {
    "type": "file",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "file--2ba37ae7-2745-5082-9dfd-9486dad41016",
    "hashes": {
      "MD5": "eaeb631cc86f85835dcad66766b8f3cc"
    },
    "name": "UsnJrnl_2020-11-28.csv"
  }
]

Shellbags

Windows uses the Shellbag keys to store user preferences for GUI folder display within Windows Explorer to improve user experience and “remember” preferences. The following Type describes a USB drive is attached/visited.

[
  {
    "type": "x-file-visit-evt",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "x-file-visit-evt--2bec785c-e1b0-4834-9a3a-9d04bd0749fe",
    "visit_type": "read",
    "visit_time ": "2021-01-06T20:03:22.000Z",
    "visit_file_ref": "file--28d2e12c-c56c-4aaf-aeed-d0b69ccc601c",
    "record_reason": "shellbag",
    "created_by_software_ref": "software--a67ca75e-bda5-45e0-8bf0-b5884528d228",
    "saved_to_ref": "file--14a4a46c-0957-4b9d-900d-35cb8379055c"
  },
  {
    "type": "directory",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "directory--28d2e12c-c56c-4aaf-aeed-d0b69ccc601c",
    "name": "My Computer\\E:\\"
  },
  {
    "type": "file",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "file--14a4a46c-0957-4b9d-900d-35cb8379055c",
    "hashes": {
      "MD5": "1741ab33fd6a05a4963564f36a043afc"
    },
    "name": "UsrClass_informat.dat"
  }
]

Jumplist

Jumplist represents a list of items and tasks displayed as a menu on a Windows 7 taskbar button. The following Type shows a Jumplist of Word 2010 Pinned and Recent accessed files.

[
  {
    "type": "x-file-visit-evt",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "x-file-visit-evt--2bec785c-e1b0-4834-9a3a-9d04bd0749fe",
    "visit_type": "read",
    "visit_time ": "2021-01-06T20:03:22.000Z",
    "visit_file_ref": "file--28d2e12c-c56c-4aaf-aeed-d0b69ccc601c",
    "record_reason": "jumplist",
    "created_by_software_ref": "software--a67ca75e-bda5-45e0-8bf0-b5884528d228",
    "saved_to_ref": "file--14a4a46c-0957-4b9d-900d-35cb8379055c"
  },
  {
    "type": "file",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "file--28d2e12c-c56c-4aaf-aeed-d0b69ccc601c",
    "name": "winter_whether_advisory.zip"
  },
  {
    "type": "file",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "file--14a4a46c-0957-4b9d-900d-35cb8379055c",
    "hashes": {
      "MD5": "9857b91a6427496e72d779893e6d49fb"
    },
    "name": "a7bd71699cd38d1c.automaticDestinations-ms"
  }
]

Lnk

lnk is a shortcut or "link" used by Windows as a reference to an original file, folder, or application. The example describes an event is generated when a file is accessed by a link.

[
  {
    "type": "x-file-visit-evt",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "x-file-visit-evt--ac69c037-c578-4c5e-ad6a-23d53a0b1d6e",
    "visit_type": "read",
    "visit_time ": "2021-01-16T21:03:22.000Z",
    "visit_file_ref": "file-8c33da4c-fb61-4658-b28c-a5c60f561d78",
    "record_reason": "lnk",
    "created_by_software_ref": "software--a67ca75e-bda5-45e0-8bf0-b5884528d228",
    "saved_to_ref": "file--676b743a-3a56-4084-aeb5-fa9cfadf5663"
  },
  {
    "type": "file",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "file--8c33da4c-fb61-4658-b28c-a5c60f561d78",
    "name": "(secret_project)_pricing_decision.xlsx"
  },
  {
    "type": "file",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "file--676b743a-3a56-4084-aeb5-fa9cfadf5663",
    "hashes": {
      "MD5": "9857b91a6427496e72d779893e6d49fb"
    },
    "name": "(secret_project)_pricing_decision.xlsx.lnk"
  }
]

RMU

Most Recently Used files.

[
  {
    "type": "x-file-visit-evt",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "x-file-visit-evt--8cdbf030-89d9-48be-b733-5f4900706f0e",
    "visit_type": "read",
    "visit_time ": "2021-01-16T21:03:22.000Z",
    "visit_file_ref": "file-8c33da4c-fb61-4658-b28c-a5c60f561d78",
    "record_reason": "rmu",
    "created_by_software_ref": "software--a67ca75e-bda5-45e0-8bf0-b5884528d228",
    "saved_to_ref": "file--676b743a-3a56-4084-aeb5-fa9cfadf5663"
  },
  {
    "type": "file",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "file--8c33da4c-fb61-4658-b28c-a5c60f561d78",
    "name": "(secret_project)_pricing_decision.xlsx"
  },
  {
    "type": "file",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "file--676b743a-3a56-4084-aeb5-fa9cfadf5663",
    "hashes": {
      "MD5": "9857b91a6427496e72d779893e6d49fb"
    },
    "name": "informant.DAT"
  }
]

MFT

A deletion was logged by MFT

[
  {
    "type": "x-file-visit-evt",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "x-file-visit-evt--9880e636-38b0-471a-8266-8a622a95b3a5",
    "visit_type": "read",
    "visit_time ": "2021-01-16T21:03:22.000Z",
    "visit_file_ref": "file-f7d4aa7a-d02c-481e-8bdc-450cb0669b5d",
    "record_reason": "mft",
    "saved_to_ref": "file--19be1a16-4b87-4fc4-b056-dc9e0389d4bd"
  },
  {
    "type": "file",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "file--f7d4aa7a-d02c-481e-8bdc-450cb0669b5d",
    "name": "desktop.ini"
  },
  {
    "type": "file",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "file--19be1a16-4b87-4fc4-b056-dc9e0389d4bd",
    "hashes": {
      "MD5": "64c6451132676e5a14e20d7d9283fa58"
    },
    "name": "$MFT"
  }
]

AppLog

An event logged by Google drive. The event shows a file (happy_holiday.jpg) has been deleted.

[
  {
    "type": "x-file-visit-evt",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "x-file-visit-evt--9880e636-38b0-471a-8266-8a622a95b3a5",
    "visit_type": "read",
    "visit_time ": "2021-01-16T21:03:22.000Z",
    "visit_file_ref": "file-8cdbf030-89d9-48be-b733-5f4900706f0e",
    "record_reason": "rmu",
    "created_by_software_ref": "software--764c3bcd-e053-46dc-b77d-51de1a311b39",
    "saved_to_ref": "file--d5faf70b-36b8-437c-9137-6c0fc83b1e69"
  },
  {
    "type": "file",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "file--8cdbf030-89d9-48be-b733-5f4900706f0e",
    "name": "(secret_project)_pricing_decision.xlsx"
  },
  {
    "type": "file",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "file--d5faf70b-36b8-437c-9137-6c0fc83b1e69",
    "hashes": {
      "MD5": "64c6451132676e5a14e20d7d9283fa58"
    },
    "name": "sync_log.log"
  },
  {
    "type": "software",
    "spec_version": "2.1",
    "id": "software--764c3bcd-e053-46dc-b77d-51de1a311b39",
    "name": "Windows",
    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:google:drive:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
    "version": "1.0.257",
    "vendor": "Google"
  }
]

Investigation Tool

Type Name: x-investigation-tool

Investigation Tools are software that can be used by cyber investigators to perform digital forensic investigations. This CFO MUST NOT be used to characterize malware and SDO tools.

Optional Common Properties: external_references

Investigation Tool Specific Properties

Property Name	Type	Description
type (required)	string	The value of this property MUST be x-file-visit-evt.
last_modified	timestamps	The last modified date of the investigation tool.
description	string	A description that provides more details and context about the investigation tool.
tool_types	list of type open-vocab	The values for this property SHOULD come from the investigation-tool-type-ov open vocabulary.
aliases	list of type string	Alternative names used to identify this investigation tool.
tool_version	string	The version identifier associated with the investigation tool.
software_ref	identifier	Specifier the software product (if CPE or SWID is known) used as the investigation tool.

Investigation Tool Type Vocabulary

Vocabulary Name: investigation-tool-type-ov Investigation Tool Type is an open vocabulary that describes the type of tools used for cyber investigations. It doesn't include common software, such as MS Office, database, etc.

Vocabulary Value	Description
decryption	Tools used to perform decryption tasks.
decode	Tools used to decode data in a readable form.
data-recovery	Tools used to process of retrieving inaccessible, lost, corrupted, damaged or formatted data from disk storage.
data-carving	Tools used to reassemble useful information from raw data fragments when no filesystem metadata is available.
anti-steganography	Tools used to against steganography.
data_extraction	Tools used to extract information from file systems.
parse	Tools used to parse and/or decode files, including registry parsers and log parsers.
dump	Tools used to dump information from cache or memory.
unknown	There is not enough information available to determine the type of tool.

Examples

Use an open-source software to parse and decode $LogFile records

{
  "type": "x-investigation-tool",
  "spec_version": "2.1",
  "id": "x-investigation-tool--c65a985d-dc31-441e-840b-54381cef4e31",
  "name": "LogFileParser",
  "tool_types": ["decode", "parse"],
  "description": "This program decodes and parses $LogFile records and transaction entries.",
  "external_references": [
    {
      "source_name": "LogFileParser",
      "url": "https://github.com/jschicht/LogFileParser"
    }
  ]
}

Extension for Windows Registry Key Object

We focus on extending the data property of registry value as the data may contain rich information that needs to be organized and formalized as digital evidence. The pattern of the extension is shown below. Note that the string "x_data" is assigned to "data" (e.g., "data": "x_data") as a place holder and x_data:[] is the extended property that contains formalized information of data.

{
  "type": "windows-registry-key",
  "spec_version": "2.1",
  "id": "windows-registry-key--2ba37ae7-2745-5082-9dfd-9486dad41016",
  "key": "hkey_local_machine\\system\\bar\\foo",
  "values": [
    {
      "name": "Foo",
      "data": "x_data",
      "data_type": "REG_BINARY"
    }
  ],
  "x_data": [
    {
      "type": "x-extended-type",
      "id": "x-extended-type--83aee86d-1523-4111-938e-8edc8a6c804f"
    }
  ]
}

threat-actor-type-ov external reference

Vocabulary Value	Description
criminal-intellectual-property-theft	An individual that intentionally deprives someone of his or her intellectual property
criminal-ransomware
criminal-business-email-compromise
criminal-identity-theft
criminal-spoofing-and-phishing
criminal-memory-laundry
insider-disgruntled-sabotage
insider-disgruntled-violence
insider-disgruntled-theft
insider-disgruntled-fraud
insider-disgruntled-espionage
insider-disgruntled-embarrassing
insider-disgruntled-harassing
illegal-possessor	An individual that owns, produces, distributes illegal information and device.
online- predators	An individual that makes sexual advances to minors.

readme.md Unescape Escape

STIX for Digital Forensics

Objectives

Extension Format

Table of Contents (updating)

Windows Event Record Object

Properties

Relationships

Example 1: describes a "logon" event recorded in the security event file.

Example 2: describes a system event generated by CD-Rom

Webpage Visit Event Object

Properties

Relationships

Examples

Plug and Play (PnP) Event Object

Properties

Message Type Vocabulary

Examples

File Visit Event Object

Properties

File Visit Type Enum

File Visit Event Record Reason Vocabulary

RecentFileCache

Shimcache

UserAssist

Prefetch

USNJournal

Shellbags

Jumplist

Lnk

RMU

MFT

AppLog

Investigation Tool

Optional Common Properties: external_references

Investigation Tool Specific Properties

Investigation Tool Type Vocabulary

Examples

Extension for Windows Registry Key Object

threat-actor-type-ov external reference

references:

readme.md