From cc11243e436eefcbf63275e2cda8719a72c37116 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: `Mr-IoT` Date: Sun, 20 Jul 2025 13:12:32 +0530 Subject: [PATCH] Delete docs/automotive-security.md --- docs/automotive-security.md | 201 ------------------------------------ 1 file changed, 201 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 docs/automotive-security.md diff --git a/docs/automotive-security.md b/docs/automotive-security.md deleted file mode 100644 index da2bc1f..0000000 --- a/docs/automotive-security.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,201 +0,0 @@ -# Car Hacking Resources: From Origins to Today - -A historical and up-to-date guide to the world of automotive security and car hacking covering foundational breakthroughs, major attacks, community growth, tools, and essential resources. - ---- - -## Table of Contents - -- [Early Days: 1990s–2000s](#1-early-days-1990s2000s) -- [2010–2014: Proof-of-Concepts and Recognition](#2-20102014-proof-of-concepts-and-recognition) -- [2015–2018: Mainstream Awareness and Escalation](#3-20152018-mainstream-awareness-and-escalation) -- [2019–2021: Community, Tools, and Remote Exploits](#4-20192021-community-tools-and-remote-exploits) -- [2022–2025: Modern Era and Emerging Frontiers](#5-20222025-modern-era-and-emerging-frontiers) -- [Essential Learning & Research Resources](#6-essential-learning--research-resources) -- [Getting Started with Car Hacking (Today)](#7-getting-started-with-car-hacking-today) -- [Summary Timeline of Milestones](#8-summary-timeline-of-milestones) -- [Curated Modern Automotive Security List (2025)](#9-curated-modern-automotive-security-list-2025) - ---- - -## 1. Early Days: 1990s–2000s - -- **First Hacking Points:** OBD (On-Board Diagnostics) port introduction enabled access to engine management with custom hardware and proprietary protocols. -- **Key Focus:** Wired access to in-vehicle networks, mainly CAN (Controller Area Network, [CAN Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus), standardized 1991). -- **Barriers:** Highly proprietary, isolated systems; vehicle-specific strategies required. - ---- - -## 2. 2010–2014: Proof-of-Concepts and Recognition - -- Researchers began hacking ECUs through direct access, quickly moving to remote attacks via Bluetooth, CD, cellular, and more. -- Notable exploits included 2011 Chevy Malibu remote hacks ([Wired Article](https://www.wired.com/2011/03/hackers-car/)) and proof that almost any connected vehicle could be at risk. -- **Open-source tools and low-cost OBD-II USB adapters** made experimentation accessible. - ---- - -## 3. 2015–2018: Mainstream Awareness and Escalation - -- **Landmark Hacks:** - - 2013: [Miller and Valasek](https://illmatics.com/carhacking.html) controlled Ford Escape and Toyota Prius (acceleration, steering, GPS spoofing). - - 2015: [Jeep Cherokee/UConnect hack](https://www.wired.com/2015/07/hackers-remotely-kill-jeep-highway/) allowed full remote takeover - leading to million-vehicle recall. - - Tesla ([2016 hack](https://www.wired.com/2016/09/tesla-hack-can-remote-control-brakes-and-more/)), BMW ([ConnectedDrive hack](https://www.wired.com/2015/01/hackers-remotely-unlock-dozens-bmw-models/)), and Nissan ([Nissan Leaf hack](https://www.troyhunt.com/controlling-vehicle-features-of-nissan/)) also targeted through remote and telematics attacks. -- **Ecosystem Milestones:** - - [Instrument Cluster Simulator (ICSim)](https://github.com/zombieCraig/ICSim) released. - - [DEF CON Car Hacking Village](https://www.carhackingvillage.com/) - a global hub for car security research. - ---- - -## 4. 2019–2021: Community, Tools, and Remote Exploits - -- **Events:** [Car Hacking Village (DEF CON)](https://www.carhackingvillage.com/) and [Car Hacking Village @ DefCamp](https://def.camp/car-hacking-village/) expand globally. -- [Open Garages](https://github.com/openGarages) and online forums centralize tutorials, datasets, and collaborative research. -- Tools like [can-utils](https://github.com/linux-can/can-utils), [python-can](https://pypi.org/project/python-can/), and [Scapy/CAN](https://dissec.to/kb/chapters/can/can-scapy.html) widely adopted in both hobbyist and professional domains. -- Complexity increases - modern vehicles become software-centric and remotely exploitable. - ---- - -## 5. 2022–2025: Modern Era and Emerging Frontiers - -- **API & Backend Attacks:** - - Mass remote exploitation of telematics APIs by researchers - impacting brands like Acura, Kia ([Kia API bug](https://samcurry.net/hacking-kia)), BMW, Tesla ([Tesla charger exploit](https://www.synacktiv.com/en/publications/exploiting-the-tesla-wall-connector-from-its-charge-port-connector)), Nissan ([Nissan Leaf hack](https://www.troyhunt.com/controlling-vehicle-features-of-nissan/)), and Škoda ([Škoda Mobile App bug](https://blog.vensis.pl/2019/11/vw-hacking/)). -- **Hardware & Software Expansion:** Advanced interfaces and attack tools: [Nano-CAN](https://github.com/mintynet/nano-can), [CANtact](http://linklayer.github.io/cantact/), [CANPico](https://canislabs.com/canpico/), [M2 by Macchina](https://www.macchina.cc/), [ELM327](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07SK6MJT1/). -- **Active Communities:** [DEF CON Car Hacking Village](https://www.carhackingvillage.com/), [ASRG](https://asrg.io/), [Car Hacking Village (Europe, DefCamp)](https://def.camp/car-hacking-village/), [Open Garages](https://github.com/openGarages). -- **Ongoing Publications:** [The Car Hacker’s Handbook](https://nostarch.com/carhacking), academic surveys ([ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404825001415), [MDPI Sensors](https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/6139)), live vulnerability tracking ([VicOne zero-days](https://vicone.com/automotive-zero-day-vulnerabilities)). - ---- - -## 6. Essential Learning & Research Resources - -| Resource/Community | Type | Description/Notes | -|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------|------------------------------------------------| -| [The Car Hacker’s Handbook (Craig Smith)](https://nostarch.com/carhacking) | Book | Comprehensive guide to car security | -| [Hacking Connected Cars](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119491761/) | Book | Techniques and procedures book | -| [ICSim](https://github.com/zombieCraig/ICSim) | Toolkit/Software | CAN cluster simulation | -| [can-utils](https://github.com/linux-can/can-utils) | Toolkit/Software | CAN bus open-source tools | -| [python-can](https://pypi.org/project/python-can/) | Toolkit/Software | Python CAN bus library | -| [Scapy/CAN Layer](https://dissec.to/kb/chapters/can/can-scapy.html) | Toolkit/Software | CAN protocol analysis | -| [DEF CON Car Hacking Village](https://www.carhackingvillage.com/) | Community/Event | Global in-person and virtual hands-on events | -| [Car Hacking Village @ DefCamp](https://def.camp/car-hacking-village/) | Community/Event | European CTF/hack venue | -| [ASRG](https://asrg.io/) | Community | Auto Security Research Group: global research | -| [Open Garages](https://github.com/openGarages) | Forum/Repo | Tutorials, datasets, simulation kits | -| [Upstream Security Reports](https://upstream.auto/reports/global-automotive-cybersecurity-report/) | Research/Survey | Trends, vulnerabilities, industry survey | -| [The Hacker News: API survey](https://thehackernews.com/2023/01/millions-of-vehicles-at-risk-api.html) | News/Research | Mass API attack reports | -| [arXiv: UWBAD paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.00682) | Research | Ultra-Wideband relay attack research | -| [arXiv: SAE J1939 attacks](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.00810) | Research | Heavy-duty transport attacks | -| [ScienceDirect: HD vehicle review](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404825001415) | Research | Heavy vehicle vulnerabilities | -| [MDPI Sensors: SDV security](https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/6139) | Research/Survey | Survey on frameworks/attacks | -| [VicOne Zero-Day Database](https://vicone.com/automotive-zero-day-vulnerabilities) | Vulnerability DB | Live CVE, 0-day tracking | - ---- - -## 7. Getting Started with Car Hacking (Today) - -- **Read:** [The Car Hacker’s Handbook](https://nostarch.com/carhacking) -- **Practice:** Use [ICSim](https://github.com/zombieCraig/ICSim), [ELM327](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07SK6MJT1/), [CANtact](http://linklayer.github.io/cantact/) on test benches. -- **Engage:** [ASRG](https://asrg.io/), [Open Garages](https://github.com/openGarages), [DEF CON Car Hacking Village](https://www.carhackingvillage.com/) -- **Stay Current:** [Upstream Reports](https://upstream.auto/reports/global-automotive-cybersecurity-report/), [arXiv search: automotive security](https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=automotive+security), [HackerNews](https://thehackernews.com/search?q=automotive) - ---- - -## 8. Summary Timeline of Milestones - -- **1990s–2000s:** OBD/CAN bus hacking ([CAN bus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus)) -- **2010–2014:** [Chevy Malibu hack (Wired)](https://www.wired.com/2011/03/hackers-car/), [CAN-utils](https://github.com/linux-can/can-utils), [ELM327](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07SK6MJT1/) -- **2015:** [Jeep UConnect hack](https://www.wired.com/2015/07/hackers-remotely-kill-jeep-highway/), [DEF CON Car Hacking Village](https://www.carhackingvillage.com/) -- **2016–2018:** [BMW](https://www.wired.com/2015/01/hackers-remotely-unlock-dozens-bmw-models/), [Tesla](https://www.wired.com/2016/09/tesla-hack-can-remote-control-brakes-and-more/), [ICSim](https://github.com/zombieCraig/ICSim) -- **2019–2025:** [API hacks survey](https://thehackernews.com/2023/01/millions-of-vehicles-at-risk-api.html), [Upstream Report](https://upstream.auto/reports/global-automotive-cybersecurity-report/), [VicOne 0-days](https://vicone.com/automotive-zero-day-vulnerabilities) - ---- - -## 9. Curated Modern Automotive Security List (2025) - -### Approach & Methodology - -- In-Vehicle Network, Hardware Hacking, Firmware, Wireless, Mobile App, Cloud/Telemetry, AI-based Security, Supply Chain, Mobility. - -### Communities & Events - -- [ASRG](https://asrg.io/) -- [Auto-ISAC](https://automotiveisac.com/) -- [Car Hacking Village – DEF CON](https://www.carhackingvillage.com/) -- [Pwn2Own Automotive](https://www.automotiveworld.jp/tokyo/en-gb/conference/pwn2own.html) -- [Automotive Cybersecurity Detroit 2025](https://www.automotive-iq.com/events-automotive-cybersecurity/agenda-mc) -- [Auto-ISAC Europe Summit 2025](https://automotiveisac.com/2025-europe-summit) -- [escar Europe 2025](https://easychair.org/cfp/escarEurope2025) - -### Educational Resources - -- [Car Hacker’s Handbook](https://nostarch.com/carhacking) -- [Hacking Connected Cars](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119491761/) -- [ASRG YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/@automotivesecurityresearch1613) -- [Car Hacking Village YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/@carhackingvillage) -- [CANisLabs Blog](https://kentindell.github.io/) -- [CANBusHack Blog](https://canbushack.com/blog/) - -### Tools & Platforms - -#### Hardware -- [Nano-CAN](https://github.com/mintynet/nano-can) -- [USBtin](http://www.fischl.de/usbtin/) -- [USB2CAN](http://www.8devices.com/products/usb2can/) -- [CANPico](https://canislabs.com/canpico/) -- [OBD-KILL](https://store.intrepidcs.com/product/chv-badge-30) -- [ELM327](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07SK6MJT1/) -- [CANtact](http://linklayer.github.io/cantact/) -- [Macchina M2](https://www.macchina.cc/) - -#### Software -- [can-utils](https://github.com/linux-can/can-utils) -- [ICSim](https://github.com/zombieCraig/ICSim/) -- [UDSim](https://github.com/zombieCraig/UDSim/) -- [CANalyse 2.0](https://github.com/canalyse/CANalyse-2.0) -- [CANToolz](https://github.com/eik00d/CANToolz) -- [CANalyzat0r](https://github.com/schutzwerk/CANalyzat0r) - -#### Libraries -- [python-can](https://pypi.org/project/python-can/) -- [Scap CAN Layer](https://dissec.to/kb/chapters/can/can-scapy.html) - -#### Lists & Platforms -- [Awesome Vehicle Security](https://github.com/jaredthecoder/awesome-vehicle-security) -- [wtsxDev/Vehicle-Security](https://github.com/wtsxDev/Vehicle-Security) -- [Carpunk](https://github.com/souravbaghz/Carpunk) -- [pq-flasher](https://github.com/I-CAN-hack/pq-flasher) -- [FOSSA for Automotive](https://fossa.com/industries/manufacturing-autos/) -- [GitGuardian for Automotive](https://www.gitguardian.com/industries/automotive) - -### Research, Papers & Vulnerabilities - -- [UWBAD – Ultra-Wideband Keyless Entry Jamming (arXiv)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.00682) -- [SAE J1939 Attacks (arXiv)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.00810) -- [ScienceDirect: Heavy-Duty Vehicle Security Review](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404825001415) -- [MDPI Sensors: Survey on SDV Security](https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/6139) -- [VicOne Automotive Zero-Day Vulnerabilities](https://vicone.com/automotive-zero-day-vulnerabilities) -- [The Hacker News – API Vulnerability Survey](https://thehackernews.com/2023/01/millions-of-vehicles-at-risk-api.html) -- [Upstream: 2025 Global Automotive Cybersecurity Report](https://upstream.auto/reports/global-automotive-cybersecurity-report/) - -### Regulations & Standards - -- [UN ECE WP.29 (R155/R156) summary](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155) -- [ISO/SAE 21434 overview](https://www.iso.org/standard/70918.html) -- [Cyber Defense Magazine: Future of Automotive Cybersecurity](https://www.cyberdefensemagazine.com/the-future-of-automotive-cybersecurity-safeguarding-the-next-generation-of-mobility/) - -### New & Emerging Threats - -- AI Security & Prompt Injection -- Automotive Software Supply Chain Security -- Connected Mobility & Telematics API Security -- EV Charging Infrastructure Vulnerabilities -- Ransomware & Data Breach Response - -### Recommendations - -- Monitor live vulnerability and supply chain intelligence portals (e.g., [VicOne](https://vicone.com/automotive-zero-day-vulnerabilities), [FOSSA](https://fossa.com/industries/manufacturing-autos/), [GitGuardian](https://www.gitguardian.com/industries/automotive)). -- Engage at [DEF CON Car Hacking Village](https://www.carhackingvillage.com/), [Auto-ISAC Summits](https://automotiveisac.com/), and [Pwn2Own Automotive](https://www.automotiveworld.jp/tokyo/en-gb/conference/pwn2own.html). -- Follow and contribute to open-source and research repositories. -- Stay updated with [Upstream Reports](https://upstream.auto/reports/global-automotive-cybersecurity-report/), and adapt to regulatory and threat intelligence changes. - ---- - -*This guide covers car hacking’s journey from early OBD/CAN explorations to today’s cloud, API, and AI security challenges - linking you directly to key reference points and resources at each stage.*