From 61ab69c9503b76f317af23e68a211362878af031 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: `Mr-IoT` Date: Sun, 20 Jul 2025 13:27:07 +0530 Subject: [PATCH] Update automotive-security.md --- docs/Automotive/automotive-security.md | 59 +++++++++++++------------- 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/Automotive/automotive-security.md b/docs/Automotive/automotive-security.md index 6f265a0..b63a093 100644 --- a/docs/Automotive/automotive-security.md +++ b/docs/Automotive/automotive-security.md @@ -6,15 +6,16 @@ A historical and up-to-date guide to the world of automotive security and car ha ## Table of Contents -- [Early Days: 1990s–2000s](#1-early-days-1990s2000s) -- [2010–2014: Proof-of-Concepts and Recognition](#2-20102014-proof-of-concepts-and-recognition) -- [2015–2018: Mainstream Awareness and Escalation](#3-20152018-mainstream-awareness-and-escalation) -- [2019–2021: Community, Tools, and Remote Exploits](#4-20192021-community-tools-and-remote-exploits) -- [2022–2025: Modern Era and Emerging Frontiers](#5-20222025-modern-era-and-emerging-frontiers) -- [Essential Learning & Research Resources](#6-essential-learning--research-resources) -- [Getting Started with Car Hacking (Today)](#7-getting-started-with-car-hacking-today) -- [Summary Timeline of Milestones](#8-summary-timeline-of-milestones) -- [Curated Modern Automotive Security List (2025)](#9-curated-modern-automotive-security-list-2025) +- [Early Days: 1990s–2000s](#early-days-1990s2000s) +- [2010–2014: Proof-of-Concepts and Recognition](#20102014-proof-of-concepts-and-recognition) +- [2015–2018: Mainstream Awareness and Escalation](#20152018-mainstream-awareness-and-escalation) +- [International Automotive Cybersecurity Standards — Regional Table](#international-automotive-cybersecurity-standards-regional-table) +- [2019–2021: Community, Tools, and Remote Exploits](#20192021-community-tools-and-remote-exploits) +- [2022–2025: Modern Era and Emerging Frontiers](#20222025-modern-era-and-emerging-frontiers) +- [Essential Learning & Research Resources](#essential-learning--research-resources) +- [Getting Started with Car Hacking (Today)](#getting-started-with-car-hacking-today) +- [Summary Timeline of Milestones](#summary-timeline-of-milestones) +- [Curated Modern Automotive Security List (2025)](#curated-modern-automotive-security-list-2025) --- @@ -65,7 +66,23 @@ A historical and up-to-date guide to the world of automotive security and car ha --- -## 6. Essential Learning & Research Resources +## International Automotive Cybersecurity Standards — Regional Table + +| Country/Region | Key Standards / Regulations | Regulatory Bodies / Notes | +|------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| +| **Global** | [ISO/SAE 21434](https://www.iso.org/standard/70918.html) (Cybersecurity Engineering), [UNECE WP.29 R155/R156](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155) | ISO, SAE, UNECE. Adopted by most OEMs worldwide. | +| **United States**| [SAE J3061](https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j3061_201601/), [NHTSA Cybersecurity Best Practices](https://www.nhtsa.gov/technology-innovation/vehicle-cybersecurity), [Auto-ISAC Best Practices](https://www.automotiveisac.com/best-practices/), [NIST 800 Series](https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/sp800) | NHTSA, SAE, Auto-ISAC, NIST. J3061 is a precursor to ISO/SAE 21434. | +| **EU** | [UNECE WP.29 R155/R156](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155), [GDPR](https://gdpr.eu/), [ENISA Guidance](https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/cybersecurity-challenges-in-the-updated-automotive-homologation-regulation) | UNECE, European Commission, ENISA. GDPR covers data privacy. | +| **Japan** | [UNECE WP.29 R155/R156](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155), [JASO TP18004](https://www.jsa.or.jp/en/standardization/standards/list/?std_no=JASO%20TP18004) | JAMA, JASO, MLIT. JASO guidance tailors standards to domestic industry. | +| **China** | [GB/T 38629-2020](https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=1A37265F240A5EBE736D5A1516E27A93), [GB/T 37292-2018](https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=EEF574A39601C6B8F58DAE26DA55F4DC), MIIT, [CCC Cybersecurity](http://www.miit.gov.cn) | MIIT, CCC. GB/T standards required for type approvals. | +| **South Korea** | [UNECE WP.29](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155), KATRI Guidance | KATRI, MOLIT. National docs supplement UNECE. | +| **UK** | [UNECE WP.29](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155), [DCMS Code of Practice](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/code-of-practice-for-consumer-iot-security), [NCSC Guidance](https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/collection/connected-places-guidance) | DVSA, DCMS, NCSC. Dedicated automotive/IoT code post-Brexit. | +| **Australia** | [UNECE WP.29](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155), [ACSC Guidance](https://www.cyber.gov.au/acsc/view-all-content/publications/securing-connected-vehicles) | Dept. of Infrastructure, ACSC. National supplements for cyber and connected fleets. | +| **Germany** | [IT Security Catalogue (BNetzA)](https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/EN/Areas/Energy/Companies/Security_of_supply/IT_Security_Catalogue/IT_Security_Catalogue_node.html), [UNECE WP.29](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155) | BNetzA. Applies IT/OT security standards to automotive and infrastructure sectors. | +| **Switzerland** | [Basel/FINMA Cyber Guidance](https://www.finma.ch/en/documentation/finma-guidance/) | Basel Committee, FINMA. Emphasis on supply chain and digital vehicle resilience. | + + +## Essential Learning & Research Resources | Resource/Community | Type | Description/Notes | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------|------------------------------------------------| @@ -89,7 +106,7 @@ A historical and up-to-date guide to the world of automotive security and car ha --- -## 7. Getting Started with Car Hacking (Today) +## Getting Started with Car Hacking (Today) - **Read:** [The Car Hacker’s Handbook](https://nostarch.com/carhacking) - **Practice:** Use [ICSim](https://github.com/zombieCraig/ICSim), [ELM327](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07SK6MJT1/), [CANtact](http://linklayer.github.io/cantact/) on test benches. @@ -98,7 +115,7 @@ A historical and up-to-date guide to the world of automotive security and car ha --- -## 8. Summary Timeline of Milestones +## Summary Timeline of Milestones - **1990s–2000s:** OBD/CAN bus hacking ([CAN bus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus)) - **2010–2014:** [Chevy Malibu hack (Wired)](https://www.wired.com/2011/03/hackers-car/), [CAN-utils](https://github.com/linux-can/can-utils), [ELM327](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07SK6MJT1/) @@ -108,7 +125,7 @@ A historical and up-to-date guide to the world of automotive security and car ha --- -## 9. Curated Modern Automotive Security List (2025) +## Curated Modern Automotive Security List (2025) ### Approach & Methodology @@ -175,22 +192,6 @@ A historical and up-to-date guide to the world of automotive security and car ha - [The Hacker News – API Vulnerability Survey](https://thehackernews.com/2023/01/millions-of-vehicles-at-risk-api.html) - [Upstream: 2025 Global Automotive Cybersecurity Report](https://upstream.auto/reports/global-automotive-cybersecurity-report/) -### Regulations & Standards - -# International Automotive Cybersecurity Standards — Regional Table - -| Country/Region | Key Standards / Regulations | Regulatory Bodies / Notes | -|------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -| **Global** | [ISO/SAE 21434](https://www.iso.org/standard/70918.html) (Cybersecurity Engineering), [UNECE WP.29 R155/R156](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155) | ISO, SAE, UNECE. Adopted by most OEMs worldwide. | -| **United States**| [SAE J3061](https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j3061_201601/), [NHTSA Cybersecurity Best Practices](https://www.nhtsa.gov/technology-innovation/vehicle-cybersecurity), [Auto-ISAC Best Practices](https://www.automotiveisac.com/best-practices/), [NIST 800 Series](https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/sp800) | NHTSA, SAE, Auto-ISAC, NIST. J3061 is a precursor to ISO/SAE 21434. | -| **EU** | [UNECE WP.29 R155/R156](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155), [GDPR](https://gdpr.eu/), [ENISA Guidance](https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/cybersecurity-challenges-in-the-updated-automotive-homologation-regulation) | UNECE, European Commission, ENISA. GDPR covers data privacy. | -| **Japan** | [UNECE WP.29 R155/R156](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155), [JASO TP18004](https://www.jsa.or.jp/en/standardization/standards/list/?std_no=JASO%20TP18004) | JAMA, JASO, MLIT. JASO guidance tailors standards to domestic industry. | -| **China** | [GB/T 38629-2020](https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=1A37265F240A5EBE736D5A1516E27A93), [GB/T 37292-2018](https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=EEF574A39601C6B8F58DAE26DA55F4DC), MIIT, [CCC Cybersecurity](http://www.miit.gov.cn) | MIIT, CCC. GB/T standards required for type approvals. | -| **South Korea** | [UNECE WP.29](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155), KATRI Guidance | KATRI, MOLIT. National docs supplement UNECE. | -| **UK** | [UNECE WP.29](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155), [DCMS Code of Practice](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/code-of-practice-for-consumer-iot-security), [NCSC Guidance](https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/collection/connected-places-guidance) | DVSA, DCMS, NCSC. Dedicated automotive/IoT code post-Brexit. | -| **Australia** | [UNECE WP.29](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155), [ACSC Guidance](https://www.cyber.gov.au/acsc/view-all-content/publications/securing-connected-vehicles) | Dept. of Infrastructure, ACSC. National supplements for cyber and connected fleets. | -| **Germany** | [IT Security Catalogue (BNetzA)](https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/EN/Areas/Energy/Companies/Security_of_supply/IT_Security_Catalogue/IT_Security_Catalogue_node.html), [UNECE WP.29](https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/notifications-un-regulations/r155) | BNetzA. Applies IT/OT security standards to automotive and infrastructure sectors. | -| **Switzerland** | [Basel/FINMA Cyber Guidance](https://www.finma.ch/en/documentation/finma-guidance/) | Basel Committee, FINMA. Emphasis on supply chain and digital vehicle resilience. | ---